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. 2021 Mar 15;9(3):2325967120986565.
doi: 10.1177/2325967120986565. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Rates of Concomitant Meniscal Tears in Pediatric Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Increase With Age and Body Mass Index

Crystal A Perkins  1 , Melissa A Christino  2 , Michael T Busch  1 , Anthony Egger  1 , Asahi Murata  1 , Michael Kelleman  3 , S Clifton Willimon  1
Affiliations

Rates of Concomitant Meniscal Tears in Pediatric Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Increase With Age and Body Mass Index

Crystal A Perkins et al. Orthop J Sports Med. .

Abstract

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are frequently associated with meniscal injury. Risk factors for concomitant meniscal injuries have been studied in the adult population but less so in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between age and body mass index (BMI) and the presence of a concomitant meniscal tear at the time of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in pediatric patients.

Study design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was performed of patients aged <19 years who underwent primary ACLR over a 3.5-year period. Revision ACLR and multiligament knee reconstructions were excluded. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with having a meniscal tear at the time of surgery. Subgroup analysis was performed for medial and lateral meniscal tears.

Results: Included in this study were 453 patients (230 males, 223 females; median age, 15 years). Of these, 265 patients (58%) had a meniscal tear, including 150 isolated lateral meniscal tears, 53 isolated medial meniscal tears, and 62 patients with both lateral and medial meniscal tears. Median time from injury to surgery was 48 days. For every 1-year increase in age, there was a 16% increase in the adjusted odds of having any meniscal tear (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.27; P = .002), with a 20% increase in the odds of having a medial meniscal tear (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.35; P = .002) and a 16% increase in the odds of having a lateral meniscal tear (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.27; P = .003). For every 2-point increase in BMI, there was a 12% increase in the odds of having any meniscal tear (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.22; P = .016) and a 10% increase in the odds of having a lateral meniscal tear (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19; P = .028).

Conclusion: Pediatric patients undergoing ACLR had a 58% incidence of concomitant meniscal pathology. Increasing age and BMI were independent risk factors for these injuries, while no association was found between time to surgery and meniscal pathology.

Keywords: ACL tear; BMI; meniscus tear; pediatric; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: C.A.P. has received research funding from DJO and OrthoPediatrics and education payments from Smith & Nephew and Arthrex. M.A.C. has received research funding from DJO and OrthoPediatrics and education payments Smith & Nephew. M.T.B. has received research support from OrthoPediatrics and education payments and nonconsulting fees from Arthrex. S.C.W. has received research support from OrthoPediatrics, education payments from Arthrex, and nonconsulting fees from Smith & Nephew. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Predicted probability plot of any meniscal tear by age. Circles represent the number of patients who did have a meniscus tear (at the top of chart along 100% line) and did not have a meniscus tear (numbers along 0% line). The solid line represents the predicted probability of any meniscus tear for each given age. The dashed lines represent the standard error of the predicted probability.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Predicted probability plot of any meniscal tear by body mass index (BMI). Circles represent the BMIs of individual patients who did have a meniscus tear (circles along 100% line) and did not have a meniscus tear (circles along 0% line). The solid line represents the predicted probability of any meniscus tear for each given BMI. The dashed lines represent the standard error of the predicted probability.
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