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Review
. 2021 Mar 11;10(6):1171.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10061171.

Ultrasound and Bioptic Investigation of Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

Valeria Manfrè  1 , Ivan Giovannini  1 , Sara Zandonella Callegher  1 , Michele Lorenzon  2 , Enrico Pegolo  3 , Alessandro Tel  4 , Saviana Gandolfo  1 , Luca Quartuccio  1 , Salvatore De Vita  1 , Alen Zabotti  1
Affiliations
Review

Ultrasound and Bioptic Investigation of Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

Valeria Manfrè et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic and heterogeneous disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of glandular and extra-glandular features. The hallmark of pSS is considered to be the immune-mediated involvement of the exocrine glands and B-cell hyperactivation. This leads pSS patients to an increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative diseases, and persistent (>2 months) major salivary gland enlargement is a well-known clinical sign of possible involvement by B cell lymphoma. Better stratification of the patients may improve understanding of the mechanism underlying the risk of lymphoproliferative disorder. Here, we summarize the role of different imaging techniques and a bioptic approach in pSS patients, focusing mainly on the role of salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) and a US-guided core needle biopsy (Us-guided CNB) as diagnostic and prognostic tools in pSS patients with persistent parotid swelling.

Keywords: Sjögren’s syndrome; US-guided core needle biopsy; biopsy; histopathology; lymphoma; salivary gland; salivary swelling; ultrasonography.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest for this type of study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Examples of clinical parotid swelling (a) and appearance of mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma by ultrasound (b). Red arrow: Parotid swelling visible after cutaneous inspection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Histological picture showing a marginal zone lymphoma of the MALT type in a parotid gland characterized by diffuse coalescence of centrocyte-like lymphocytes with lymphoepithelial lesions (H&E, 200×).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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