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. 2021 Mar 8;10(5):1132.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10051132.

The Association of Oxidative Stress in the Uvular Mucosa with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Clinical Study

Ewa Olszewska  1 , Joanna Rogalska  2 , Małgorzata M Brzóska  2
Affiliations

The Association of Oxidative Stress in the Uvular Mucosa with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Clinical Study

Ewa Olszewska et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

The hypothesis that individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) demonstrate oxidative stress in the uvular mucosa that correlates with OSAS occurrence was investigated. A total of 128 participants (mean age 45.8, mean body mass index 30.7, female-male ratio 1:20) were divided into the non-OSAS group (apnea-hypopnea index-AHI < 5) and OSAS-group (AHI ≥ 5), in which mild (5 ≤ AHI < 15), moderate (15 ≤ AHI < 30), and severe (AHI ≥ 30) sub-groups were distinguished. Laryngological examination, Epworth Sleep Scale questionnaire, and home sleep study were performed to obtain AHI, mean oxygen saturation, and lowest oxygen saturation. Total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidative status (TAS) were assayed in the uvular mucosa taken during palatoplasty or palatopharyngoplasty. The severity of oxidative stress was expressed as oxidative stress index (OSI). Oxidative/reductive imbalance was noted in the mucosa of the uvula of OSAS individuals, and TAS of the uvular mucosa negatively correlated with the severity of this syndrome. TOS and OSI in the mild, moderate, and severe OSAS were higher than in the non-OSAS group, whereas TAS of the uvular mucosa in the OSAS group was lower compared to the non-OSAS group. In conclusion, oxidative stress in the uvular mucosa is associated with the occurrence of OSAS.

Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea; oxidative stress; oxidative/reductive status; sleep surgery; uvular mucosa.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Oropharyngeal view before and after palatopharyngoplasty in a participant suffering from moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). (a) The view before the surgery. The elongated, thick uvula with an enlarged ovular mucosa (arrow) and webbing of the posterior pillars are shown. (b) The view two months after the surgery. The reduction of the mucosa of the uvula is shown.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Total oxidative status (TOS) of the uvular mucosa of the participants with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and in non-OSAS participants. Data represent median, 25–75% confidence interval, as well as minimum and maximum. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared to apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) < 5. ↑—increase compared to AHI < 5.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Total antioxidative status (TAS) of the uvular mucosa of the participants with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and in non-OSAS participants. Data represent median, 25–75% confidence interval, as well as minimum and maximum. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) < 5; †† p < 0.01 compared to 5 ≤ AHI < 15; ‡ p < 0.05 compared to 15 ≤ AHI < 30. ↓—decrease compared to AHI < 5.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Oxidative stress index (OSI) in the uvular mucosa of the participants with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and in non-OSAS participants. Data represent median, 25–75% confidence interval, as well as minimum and maximum. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) < 5. ↑—increase compared to AHI < 5.
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