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. 2021 Mar 27;9(4):696.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040696.

Changes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 Following Introduction of PCV10 and PCV13: Findings from the PSERENADE Project

Julia C Bennett  1 , Marissa K Hetrich  1 , Maria Garcia Quesada  1 , Jenna N Sinkevitch  1 , Maria Deloria Knoll  1 , Daniel R Feikin  2 , Scott L Zeger  1 , Eunice W Kagucia  3 , Adam L Cohen  4 , Krow Ampofo  5 , Maria-Cristina C Brandileone  6 , Dana Bruden  7 , Romina Camilli  8 , Jesús Castilla  9   10 , Guanhao Chan  11 , Heather Cook  12 , Jennifer E Cornick  13   14 , Ron Dagan  15 , Tine Dalby  16 , Kostas Danis  17 , Sara de Miguel  18 , Philippe De Wals  19 , Stefanie Desmet  20   21 , Theano Georgakopoulou  22 , Charlotte Gilkison  23 , Marta Grgic-Vitek  24 , Laura L Hammitt  1   3 , Markus Hilty  25 , Pak-Leung Ho  26 , Sanjay Jayasinghe  27 , James D Kellner  28 , Jackie Kleynhans  29   30 , Mirjam J Knol  31 , Jana Kozakova  32 , Karl G Kristinsson  33 , Shamez N Ladhani  34 , Laura MacDonald  35 , Grant A Mackenzie  36   37   38 , Lucia Mad'arová  39 , Allison McGeer  40 , Jolita Mereckiene  41 , Eva Morfeldt  42 , Tuya Mungun  43 , Carmen Muñoz-Almagro  9   44   45 , J Pekka Nuorti  46   47 , Metka Paragi  48 , Tamara Pilishvili  49 , Rodrigo Puentes  50 , Samir K Saha  51 , Aalisha Sahu Khan  52 , Larisa Savrasova  53   54 , J Anthony Scott  3 , Anna Skoczyńska  55 , Shigeru Suga  56 , Mark van der Linden  57 , Jennifer R Verani  49   58 , Anne von Gottberg  29   59 , Brita A Winje  60 , Inci Yildirim  61 , Khalid Zerouali  62   63 , Kyla Hayford  1 ; The Pserenade Team
Collaborators, Affiliations

Changes in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1 Following Introduction of PCV10 and PCV13: Findings from the PSERENADE Project

Julia C Bennett et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 (ST1) was an important cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) globally before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) containing ST1 antigen. The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project gathered ST1 IPD surveillance data from sites globally and aimed to estimate PCV10/13 impact on ST1 IPD incidence. We estimated ST1 IPD incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the pre-PCV10/13 period to each post-PCV10/13 year by site using a Bayesian multi-level, mixed-effects Poisson regression and all-site IRRs using a linear mixed-effects regression (N = 45 sites). Following PCV10/13 introduction, the incidence rate (IR) of ST1 IPD declined among all ages. After six years of PCV10/13 use, the all-site IRR was 0.05 (95% credibility interval 0.04-0.06) for all ages, 0.05 (0.04-0.05) for <5 years of age, 0.08 (0.06-0.09) for 5-17 years, 0.06 (0.05-0.08) for 18-49 years, 0.06 (0.05-0.07) for 50-64 years, and 0.05 (0.04-0.06) for ≥65 years. PCV10/13 use in infant immunization programs was followed by a 95% reduction in ST1 IPD in all ages after approximately 6 years. Limited data availability from the highest ST1 disease burden countries using a 3+0 schedule constrains generalizability and data from these settings are needed.

Keywords: invasive pneumococcal disease; pneumococcal conjugate vaccines; serotypes; vaccine impact.

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Conflict of interest statement

KH conducted the study and analyses while working at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health but is an employee at Pfizer, Inc. as of 26 October 2020. MDK reports grants from Merck, personal fees from Merck, and grants from Pfizer, outside the submitted work. JCB reports funding from Pfizer in the past year, unrelated to the submitted work. JAS reports grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, the UK MRC, National Institute of Health Research, outside the submitted work. MCB reports lectures fee from MSD outside from submitted work. AS reports grants and personal fees from Pfizer and personal fees from MSD and Sanofi Pasteur, outside the submitted work. ML has been a member of advisory boards and has received speakers honoraria from Pfizer and Merck. German pneumococcal surveillance has been supported by Pfizer and Merck. SD reports grant from Pfizer, outside the submitted work. KA reports a grant from Merck, outside the submitted work. AvG as received researching funding from Pfizer (last year 2017, Pfizer Investigator-Initiated Research [IIR] Program IIR WI 194379); attended advisory board meetings for Pfizer and Merck. CMA reports grants and personal fees from Pfizer, Qiagen and BioMerieux and grants from Genomica SAU, outside the submitted work. AM-research support to my institution from Pfizer and Merck; honoraria for advisory board membership from GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Pfizer. SNL performs contract research for GSK, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur on behalf of St. George’s University of London, but receives no personal remuneration. IY stated she was a member of mRNA-1273 study group and has received funding to her institution to conduct clinical research from BioFire, MedImmune, Regeneron, PaxVax, Pfizer, GSK, Merck, Novavax, Sanofi-Pasteur, and Micron. RD has received grants/research support from Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Medimmune; has been a scientific consultant for Pfizer, MeMed, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Biondvax; had served on advisory boards of Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Biondvax and has been a speaker for Pfizer. LLH reports research grants to her institution from GSK, Pfizer and Merck. JDK has received an unrestricted grant-in-aid from Pfizer Canada that supports, in part, the CASPER invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance project. MH received an educational grant from Pfizer AG for partial support of this project. However, Pfizer AG had no role in the data analysis and content of the manuscript. MC has previously received a professional fee from Pfizer (Ireland), an unrestricted research grant from Pfizer Ireland (2007–2016) and an Investigator Initiated Reward from Pfizer Ireland in 2018 (W1243730). CLB, MD has intellectual property in BioFire Diagnostics and receives royalties through the University of Utah. CLB is an advisor to IDbyDNA. AK reports personal fees from Pfizer, outside the submitted work. MT reports grants from GlaxoSmithKline and grants from Pfizer Inc. to the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare for research projects outside the submitted work, in which she has been a co-investigator. JCS reports had received assistance from Pfizer for attending to scientific meetings outside the submitted work. SCGA received travel grant from Pfizer. BL had two research grants from Pfizer on Streptococcus pneumoniae. EV reports grants from French public health agency, during the conduct of the study; grants from Pfizer, grants from Merck, outside the submitted work. NBZ has received investigator-initiated research grants from GlaxoSmithKline, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Merck and the Serum Institute of India, all unrelated to this research. CGS reports grant funding from Pfizer, Merck, and AstraZeneca in the past 3 years. NMvS reports grants and fee for service from Pfizer, fee for service from MSD and GSK, outside the submitted work; In addition, NMvS has a patent WO 2013/020090 A3 with royalties paid to University of California San Diego (inventors: Nina van Sorge/Victor Nizet). All other authors did not declare any conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number of serotype 1 cases per site included in the analysis by region and age group. NA & WA–Northern Africa and Western Asia; LA & C–Latin America and the Caribbean. Not all age groups were included for all sites (Table S1). Analyses were done with minor changes to age groups for certain sites to align with availability of population denominators and age groups provided by sites in aggregate: the <5 years age group includes 0–5 years from Morocco; the 5–17 years age group included 5–14 years from Japan and Kilifi, Kenya, 5–15 years from Germany, 6–14 years from Morocco, and 5–19 years from Australia and Malawi; and the 18–49 years age group includes 15–49 years from Japan and Kilifi, Kenya, 15–59 years from Morocco, 16–49 years from Germany, and 20–49 years from Australia and Malawi.
Figure 2
Figure 2
All-site weighted average incidence rate ratios for serotype 1 invasive pneumococcal disease for all ages and by age group. All ages’ analysis (in black) is not an average of each age-specific estimate in each year but rather a re-analysis of the total cases from all ages reporting at each site.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Site-specific modeled serotype 1 invasive pneumococcal disease incidence rate ratios comparing each post-PCV10/13 year to pre-PCV10/13 average, by age group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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