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Review
. 2021 Mar 10;10(3):287.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10030287.

Nanomotion Detection-Based Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Sandor Kasas  1   2   3 , Anton Malovichko  1   3 , Maria Ines Villalba  1   3 , María Elena Vela  4 , Osvaldo Yantorno  5 , Ronnie G Willaert  3   6
Affiliations
Review

Nanomotion Detection-Based Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

Sandor Kasas et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) could play a major role in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria. Recently, it was discovered that all living organisms oscillate in the range of nanometers and that these oscillations, referred to as nanomotion, stop as soon the organism dies. This finding led to the development of rapid AST techniques based on the monitoring of these oscillations upon exposure to antibiotics. In this review, we explain the working principle of this novel technique, compare the method with current ASTs, explore its application and give some advice about its implementation. As an illustrative example, we present the application of the technique to the slowly growing and pathogenic Bordetella pertussis bacteria.

Keywords: B. pertussis; atomic force microscopy (AFM); nanomotion; rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Components of a typical atomic force microscope (AFM). 1. Cantilever holding chip, cantilever and tip, 2. sample, 3. piezo electric sample holding stage, 4. laser, 5. mirror, 6. two- or four-segment photodiode.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Setup to detect nanomotion of living organisms with an AFM cantilever. 1. AFM cantilever, 2. bacteria attached on both sides of the lever, 3. laser beam.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dedicated nanomotion detection apparatus. 1. analysis chamber with the AFM cantilever, 2. inlet, 3. outlet, 4. laser inlet, 5. prisms to orient the laser beam onto the cantilever and the photodiodes, 6. photodiodes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Illustration of the effect of clarithromycin on B. pertussis nanomotion. (A). Effect of the antibiotic at MIC on the variance of the nanomotion signal as a function of time before (blue column) and after (red columns) the exposure of the microorganism to the antibiotic. (B). Oscillations of the cantilever as a function of time before (blue curve) and after (red curve) the injection of the drug. SS medium: Stainer–Sholte liquid medium. The details of the preparation procedure are described in Appendix A.
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