Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Mar 10;14(6):1341.
doi: 10.3390/ma14061341.

Universal Adhesive for Fixed Retainer Bonding: In Vitro Evaluation and Randomized Clinical Trial

Maria Francesca Sfondrini  1 , Simone Gallo  1 , Benedetta Turcato  1 , Mona A Montasser  2 , Nehal Fouad Albelasy  2 , Pekka K Vallittu  3 , Paola Gandini  1 , Andrea Scribante  1
Affiliations

Universal Adhesive for Fixed Retainer Bonding: In Vitro Evaluation and Randomized Clinical Trial

Maria Francesca Sfondrini et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This study aims to assess the efficacy of a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE) (SB) in total-etch mode, compared to a traditional orthodontic primer (Transbond XT Primer, 3M ESPE) (XT Primer), to perform bonding of orthodontic fixed retainers along with the Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Paste (3M ESPE). For the in vitro study, a round section wire (Ortosmail Krugg) was bonded using XT Primer for 20 bovine incisors (Group 1) and SB for other 20 (Group 2). Samples were debonded in a universal testing machine applying a tangential force to specimens (crosshead speed of 1 millimeter per minute). Shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were calculated. For the in vivo study, 100 patients needing upper and lower canine-to-canine fixed retainers after orthodontic treatment were randomly assigned to two groups of 50 participants each, i.e., group 1 (retainer bonding with XT Primer) and group 2 (retainer bonding with SB). Over two years, examinations were carried out monthly, and detachments were registered by considering the teeth and arches affected. In vitro, no statistically significant differences in SBS and ARI scores were demonstrated between the two groups, both showing a mean bond strength of about 12 MPa and major frequency of ARI "2" (>50% remnant adhesive on the enamel). Conversely, a significantly lower failure rate over 2 years was assessed clinically for group 2 in both arches. Independently of the adhesive and arch, incisors reported a significantly higher failure rate than canines. Scotchbond Universal used in total-etch mode could be a valid alternative to the traditional orthodontic Transbond XT Primer.

Keywords: adhesion; bonding; clinical trial; fixed retainer; mandibular; maxillary; multistranded wire; orthodontics; splint; universal adhesive.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Positioning of samples into the Instron machine: (left) frontal view; (right) lateral view.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow chart showing participants and the protocol used in this study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the adhesive systems in the two groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Littlewood S.J., Millett D.T., Doubleday B., Bearn D.R., Worthington H.V. Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2016;2016:CD002283. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002283.pub4. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Redlich M., Rahamim E., Gaft A., Shoshan S. The response of supraalveolar gingival collagen to orthodontic rotation movement in dogs. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 1996;110:247–255. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(96)80007-2. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Blake M., Bibby K. Retention and stability: A review of the literature. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 1998;114:299–306. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70212-4. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kocher K.E., Gebistorf M.C., Pandis N., Fudalej P.S., Katsaros C. Survival of maxillary and mandibular bonded retainers 10 to 15 years after orthodontic treatment: A retrospective observational study. Progr. Orthod. 2019;20:28. doi: 10.1186/s40510-019-0279-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Scribante A., Vallittu P.K., Özcan M. Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Dental Applications. Biomed. Res. Int. 2018;2018:4734986. doi: 10.1155/2018/4734986. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources