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Review
. 2021 Mar 9;10(3):319.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens10030319.

Invasive Candida Infections in Neonates after Major Surgery: Current Evidence and New Directions

Domenico Umberto De Rose  1 , Alessandra Santisi  1 , Maria Paola Ronchetti  1 , Ludovica Martini  1 , Lisa Serafini  2 , Pasqua Betta  3 , Marzia Maino  4 , Francesco Cavigioli  5 , Ilaria Cocchi  5 , Lorenza Pugni  6 , Elvira Bonanno  7 , Chryssoula Tzialla  8 , Mario Giuffrè  9 , Jenny Bua  10 , Benedetta Della Torre  11 , Giovanna Nardella  12 , Danila Mazzeo  13 , Paolo Manzoni  14 , Andrea Dotta  1 , Pietro Bagolan  15 , Cinzia Auriti  1 , On Behalf Of Study Group Of Neonatal Infectious Diseases
Affiliations
Review

Invasive Candida Infections in Neonates after Major Surgery: Current Evidence and New Directions

Domenico Umberto De Rose et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

Infections represent a serious health problem in neonates. Invasive Candida infections (ICIs) are still a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Infants hospitalized in NICUs are at high risk of ICIs, because of several risk factors: broad spectrum antibiotic treatments, central catheters and other invasive devices, fungal colonization, and impaired immune responses. In this review we summarize 19 published studies which provide the prevalence of previous surgery in neonates with invasive Candida infections. We also provide an overview of risk factors for ICIs after major surgery, fungal colonization, and innate defense mechanisms against fungi, as well as the roles of different Candida spp., the epidemiology and costs of ICIs, diagnosis of ICIs, and antifungal prophylaxis and treatment.

Keywords: antifungal prophylaxis; invasive Candida infections; invasive fungal infections; neonatal surgery; newborns; surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Literature selection of recent studies reporting incidence of previous surgery in infants with invasive fungal infections.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Risk factors for invasive Candida infections after major surgery.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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