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. 2021 Mar 9;13(1):219-229.
doi: 10.3390/idr13010025.

Characterization of Neonatal Infections by Gram-Negative Bacilli and Associated Risk Factors, Havana, Cuba

Arlenis Oliva  1 , Yenisel Carmona  2 , Elizabeth de La C López  3 , Roberto Álvarez  3 , Meiji Soe Aung  4 , Nobumichi Kobayashi  4 , Dianelys Quiñones  2
Affiliations

Characterization of Neonatal Infections by Gram-Negative Bacilli and Associated Risk Factors, Havana, Cuba

Arlenis Oliva et al. Infect Dis Rep. .

Abstract

Infections represent an important problem in neonates because of the high mortality. An increase in neonatal infections has been found in Cuban hospitals in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the clinical and microbiological behavior of Gram-negative bacilli that cause neonatal infections in hospitals of Havana, Cuba. It was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional investigation from September 2017 to July 2018 in The Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kouri" (IPK). Sixty-one Gram-negative bacilli isolated from neonates with infections in six Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospitals of Havana were analyzed for their species and antimicrobial susceptibility. Late-onset infections were more common than early-onset ones and included urinary tract infection in the community (87%) and sepsis in hospitals (63.3%). Catheter use (47%) and prolonged stay (38%) were the most frequent risk factors. Species of major pathogens were Escherichia coli (47%) and Klebsiella spp. (26%). The isolated Gram-negative bacilli showed high resistance rates to third-generation cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, while being more susceptible to carbapenems, fosfomycin, colistin and amikacin. The present study revealed the clinical impact of Gram-negative bacilli in neonatology units in hospitals of Havana. Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibilities to the isolates from neonates is necessary for selection of appropriate empirical therapy and promotion of the rational antibiotic use.

Keywords: Cuba; antimicrobial resistance; gram-negative bacilli; neonatal infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Clinical forms and origin of neonatal infections by Gram-negative bacilli. Havana, 2017–2018.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Classification of the neonatal infections with Gram-negative bacilli. Havana, 2017–2018.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of species of Gram-negative bacilli causing neonatal infections Havana, 2017–2018.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Percentage of beta-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacilli causing neonatal infection. Havana, 2017–2018. AMP, ampicillin; AMS, ampicillin/sulbactam; TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam; CAZ, ceftazidime; CTX, cefotaxime; CRO, ceftriaxone; FEP, cefepime.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Percentage of resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics in Gram-negatives bacilli causing neonatal infection. LEV, levofloxacin CIP, ciprofloxacin GM, gentamicin AK, amikacin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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