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. 2021 Mar 1;10(5):925.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10050925.

The Efficacy of S-1 as Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Biliary Tract Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis

Yoichi Miyata  1   2 , Ryota Kogure  3 , Akiko Nakazawa  2 , Rihito Nagata  4 , Tetsuya Mitsui  3 , Riki Ninomiya  3 , Masahiko Komagome  3 , Akira Maki  3 , Nobuaki Kawarabayashi  5 , Yoshifumi Beck  3
Affiliations

The Efficacy of S-1 as Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Biliary Tract Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis

Yoichi Miyata et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Even though S-1 is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, there is no evidence for its use in an adjuvant setting for biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). Patients who underwent surgical treatment for BTC between August 2007 and December 2018 were selected. Propensity score matching was performed between patients who received S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy (S-1 group) and those who underwent surgical treatment alone (observation group). Of 170 eligible patients, 38 patients were selected in each group after propensity score matching. Among those in the matched cohort, both the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the S-1 group were significantly longer than those in the observation group (RFS, 61.2 vs. 13.1 months, p = 0.033; OS, not available vs. 28.2 months, p = 0.003). A multivariate analysis of the OS revealed that perineural invasion and adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. According to a subgroup analysis of the OS, the S-1 group showed significantly better prognoses than the observation group among patients with perineural invasion (p < 0.001). S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy might improve the prognosis of BTC, especially in patients with perineural invasion.

Keywords: S-1; adjuvant chemotherapy; biliary tract carcinoma; propensity score matching; retrospective.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the patients included the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier curves of recurrence-free survival (a) and overall survival (b) in the matched cohort. The survival duration in the S-1 group was significantly longer than that in the observation group both in recurrence-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.033 and p = 0.003, respectively).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kaplan–Meier curves for the overall survival of matched cohort patients with perineural invasion. The overall survival of the S-1 group was significantly better than that of the observation group (p < 0.001).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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