Plant-Based Biostimulant as Sustainable Alternative to Synthetic Growth Regulators in Two Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract

Sweet cherry is a high value crop and the economic success of its cultivation depends not only on yield but also on fruit visual and nutritional quality attributes that influence consumer acceptability, as well as on fruit post-harvest performance and resistance to cracking. During the last few decades, cherry growers have tried to achieve these goals through exogenous applications of synthetic plant hormones and/or nutrients, but there is growing concern about the sustainability of the extensive use of these compounds in agriculture. For this reason, there is increasing interest in the possible adoption of different classes of biostimulants as sustainable alternatives to plant growth regulators. This research aimed to study the impact of foliar application of a novel tropical-plant extract, performed between full bloom and fruit set, on the yield and fruit quality of two important commercial sweet cherry cultivars, Kordia and Regina. The experimental design included a commercial control involving the application of a cytokinin promoter. In both cultivars, the tropical-plant extract induced significant increases in fruit yield. In addition, in the cultivar Kordia, the tropical-plant extract enhanced fruit calcium concentration, soluble solids content, flesh firmness, and skin color by 26.2%, 11.8%, 6.7%, and 12.0% (of fruits with mahogany skin color), respectively. Our results suggest that the tropical-plant extract tested as a biostimulant may be a sustainable and effective alternative to the exogenous application of synthetic hormones for sweet cherry cultivation.

Keywords: Prunus avium L.; calcium; fruit cracking; skin color; sustainable agriculture.

Figure 1

Fruit diameter distribution in “Kordia” (A) and “Regina” (B) in percentage of the yield, treated with Commercial control management and Tropical-plant extract biostimulant (TPEB). Vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean. Within each panel and separately for each fruit diameter class, asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments according to t-test (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2

Skin color distribution in “Kordia” (A) and “Regina” (B) in percentage of the sampled fruits, treated with Commercial control management and Tropical-plant extract biostimulant (TPEB). Each fruit was visually examined and assigned to one of the five skin color classes. Vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean. Within each panel and separately for each fruit skin color class, asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments according to t-test (p ≤ 0.05).