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Review
. 2021 Mar 29;13(7):1559.
doi: 10.3390/cancers13071559.

Which Is the Best Treatment in Recurrent Thymoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Marco Chiappetta  1   2 , Ugo Grossi  3 , Isabella Sperduti  4 , Stefano Margaritora  1   2 , Giuseppe Marulli  5 , Alfonso Fiorelli  6 , Alberto Sandri  7 , Tetsuya Mizuno  8 , Giacomo Cusumano  9 , Masatsugu Hamaji  10 , Alfredo Cesario  11 , Filippo Lococo  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Which Is the Best Treatment in Recurrent Thymoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Marco Chiappetta et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Optimal recurrent thymoma management remains arguable because of limited patient numbers, and relatively late and variable recurrence patterns. Given the absence of high-quality evidence and relatively small study cohorts, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis to determine the outcome of surgical and non-surgical approaches assessing the five-year overall survival (5y overall survival (OS)) in patients with recurrent thymoma.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search and analysis according to PRISMA guidelines of studies published from 1 January 1980 until 18 June 2020 from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. We included studies with the cohorts' superior to 30 patients describing recurrent thymoma treatment, comparing surgical and non-surgical approaches reporting survival data.

Results: Literature search revealed 3017 articles. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria and were selected for the meta-analysis. The recurrences were local/regional in 73-98% of cases and multiple in 49-72%. After treatment, 5y OS ranged from 48-77% and 10y OS from 37-51%. The quantitative meta-analysis showed a better outcome comparing surgical vs other treatments. Two studies showed statistically significant risk differences in the 5y OS favoring complete resection. After pooling results of seven studies using the random model, the combined 5y OS risk difference was 0.39, with lower and upper limits of 0.16 and 0.62, respectively (p = 0.001), and a moderate heterogeneity among studies (p = 0.098, I2 = 43.9%). Definitive conclusions could not be drawn regarding the prognostic impact of myasthenia gravis, histology, and patterns of relapse reported in literature.

Conclusions: Surgical treatment after thymoma recurrence is associated with a significant better 5y OS; therefore, surgical resection should be preferred in all technically feasible cases.

Keywords: chemotherapy; meta-analysis; radiation therapy; recurrent thymoma; surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA diagram presenting the literature search and selection showing numbers of articles at each stage.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot showing the impact of surgery versus other treatments on overall survival.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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