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. 2021 Mar 29;13(7):1083.
doi: 10.3390/polym13071083.

Effect of Lignin Modifier on Engineering Performance of Bituminous Binder and Mixture

Chi Xu  1 , Duanyi Wang  1 , Shaowei Zhang  1 , Enbei Guo  1 , Haoyang Luo  1 , Zeyu Zhang  2 , Huayang Yu  1
Affiliations

Effect of Lignin Modifier on Engineering Performance of Bituminous Binder and Mixture

Chi Xu et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Lignin accounts for approximately 30% of the weight of herbaceous biomass. Utilizing lignin in asphalt pavement industry could enhance the performance of pavement while balancing the construction cost. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing lignin as a bitumen performance improver. For this purpose, lignin derived from aspen wood chips (labeled as KL) and corn stalk residues (labeled as CL) were selected to prepare the lignin modified bituminous binder. The properties of the lignin modified binder were investigated through rheological, mechanical and chemical tests. The multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test results indicated that adding lignin decreased the Jnr of based binder by a range of 8% to 23% depending on the stress and lignin type. Lignin showed a positive effect on the low temperature performance of asphalt binder, because at -18 °C, KL and CL were able to reduce the stiffness of base binder from 441 MPa to 369 MPa and 378 MPa, respectively. However, lignin was found to deteriorate the fatigue life and workability of base binder up to 30% and 126%. With bituminous mixture, application of lignin modifiers improved the Marshall Stability and moisture resistance of base mixture up to 21% and 13%, respectively. Although, adding lignin modifiers decreased the molecular weight of asphalt binder according to the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) test results. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test results did not report detectable changes in functional group of based binder.

Keywords: bituminous modifier; chemical analysis; lignin; lignin modified bitumen; mechanical properties; rheological behavior.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of the mechanism of the bitumen-lignin working system.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Results analysis (a) penetration and (b) softening point.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Rotational viscosity test results.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Superpave rutting parameter test results: (a) rutting parameter (unaged); (b) failure temperature (unaged); (c) rutting parameter (RTFO-aged) and (d) failure temperature (RTFO-aged).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Results analysis: (a) fatigue parameter (PAV-aged) and (b) failure temperatures (PAV-aged).
Figure 6
Figure 6
LAS test results analysis: (a) strain value 2.5% and (b) strain value 5.0%.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Master curves of test binders: Sigmoidal fitting curves.
Figure 8
Figure 8
GPC chromatograms of three binders (Pen60/70, KLA, and CLA).
Figure 9
Figure 9
GPC test result: (a) weight-average molecular weight and (b) number-average molecular weight.
Figure 10
Figure 10
FTIR test results analysis: (a) KL; (b) CL; (c) Pen60/70; (d) KLA and (e) CLA.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Marshall test results analysis: (a) Marshall stability and (b) flow value.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The RS of test samples.
Figure 13
Figure 13
ITS test results analysis: (a) ITS values before and after a freeze-thaw cycle and (b) ITSR values.
Figure 14
Figure 14
ITSM test results analysis: (a) before and after aging under 20 °C and (b) before and after aging under 30 °C.
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