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. 2021 Mar 25;18(7):3423.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073423.

Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Polish Studies

Jan Chodkiewicz  1 , Joanna Miniszewska  1 , Emilia Krajewska  1 , Przemysław Biliński  2   3
Affiliations

Mental Health during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Polish Studies

Jan Chodkiewicz et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The presented research aimed to identify the impacts of the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on respondents' mental health state and identify variables related to the respondents' symptoms of anxiety and depression; 618 subjects participated in the research. A specially prepared survey and Polish adaptations of the following methods were used: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS 10), MINI-COPE Questionnaire (Brief COPE Inventory), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Scale of Death Anxiety (SDA), The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Over 24% of the respondents reported having experienced suicidal thoughts since the start of the pandemic. Almost 16% drank alcohol in a risky or harmful way. The average value of perceived stress indicated its high and very high intensity. Over 20% had symptoms of anxiety disorders, and almost 19% had anxiety and depression symptoms. It means that almost 40% of the respondents probably have mental disorders. More women, younger people, and those with disorders prior to the onset of the pandemic were among those who manifested these disorders. They also used passive and avoidance stress coping strategies more frequently. In conclusion, the second wave of the pandemic negatively affected the mental health of the respondents. A high percentage of the respondents manifested anxiety and anxiety-depressive disorders and declared having of suicidal thoughts.

Keywords: COVID-19 second wave; mental health; stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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