SARS-CoV-2 Disease Adjuvant Therapies and Supplements Breakthrough for the Infection Prevention

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a high-risk viral agent involved in the recent pandemic stated worldwide by the World Health Organization. The infection is correlated to a severe systemic and respiratory disease in many cases, which is clinically treated with a multi-drug pharmacological approach. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate through a literature overview the effect of adjuvant therapies and supplements for the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The research has analyzed the advantage of the EK1C4, by also assessing the studies on the resveratrol, vitamin D, and melatonin as adjuvant supplements for long hauler patients' prognosis. The evaluated substances reported important benefits for the improvement of the immune system and as a potential inhibitor molecules against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the use of sartans as therapy. The adjuvant supplements seem to create an advantage for the healing of the long hauler patients affected by chronic symptoms of constant chest and heart pain, intestinal disorders, headache, difficulty concentrating, memory loss, and tachycardia.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm syndrome; endovir stop spray; furin; microbiome; oral mucosa; pandemics; resveratrol; vaccines.

Figure 1

Homeostatic system of renin–angiotensin, figure designed by Giovanna Dipalma.

Figure 2

Mechanism of bond spike-cell receptor Ace2, figure designed by Giovanna Dipalma.

Figure 3

Mechanisms of access of SARS-CoV-2 in cells through the receptor ACE2 cleavage of the subunit S1 and S2 though the protease TMPRSS2 AND FURIN and fusion with the cell membrane and access, figure designed by Giovanna Dipalma.

Figure 4

Scheme of the structure of the coronavirus and the glycoprotein spike of the coronavirus (S). The protein S is placed inwards on the envelope in order to make a corona structure. The protein S is made by two subunits, the subunit bonding the receptor S1 and the subunit of fusion S2. The protein hemagglutinin esterase (HE) is only present in the lineage A betacoronavirus. Figure designed by Giovanna Dipalma.

Figure 5

Scheme of the structure of the glycoprotein spike of the coronavirus (S) and protease of the host cells involved in the activation of the protein spike coronavirus (S). The protein S is placed outwards on the envelope to make a corona structure. The hemagglutinin esterase (HE) is only present in the lineage A betacoronavirus. The hemagglutinin esterase (HE) is only present in the lineage A betacoronavirus. The protein S is made by two subunits of fusion S2. Scheme of three protease of host cells noted activating the bond and fusion of the coronavirus s: trypsin, furin, TMPRSS, and pro-forma of cathepsin L. Figure designed by Giovanna Dipalma.