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. 2021 Mar 31;10(4):667.
doi: 10.3390/plants10040667.

Chemical Profiles, Anticancer, and Anti-Aging Activities of Essential Oils of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis L

Abdelbaset M Elgamal  1 , Rania F Ahmed  2 , Ahmed M Abd-ElGawad  3 , Abd El-Nasser G El Gendy  4 , Abdelsamed I Elshamy  2 , Mahmoud I Nassar  2
Affiliations

Chemical Profiles, Anticancer, and Anti-Aging Activities of Essential Oils of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis L

Abdelbaset M Elgamal et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family are widely used as traditional medicinal herbs around the world for the treatment of numerous diseases. In this work, the chemical profiles of essential oils (EOs) of the above-ground parts of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis (L.) were studied in addition to their cytotoxic and anti-aging activities. The extracted EOs from the two plants via hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS of EO of P. dioscoridis revealed the identification of 29 compounds representing 96.91% of the total oil. While 35 compounds were characterized from EO of E. bonariensis representing 98.21%. The terpenoids were found the main constituents of both plants with a relative concentration of 93.59% and 97.66%, respectively, including mainly sesquiterpenes (93.40% and 81.06%). α-Maaliene (18.84%), berkheyaradulen (13.99%), dehydro-cyclolongifolene oxide (10.35%), aromadendrene oxide-2 (8.81%), β-muurolene (8.09%), and α-eudesmol (6.79%), represented the preponderance compounds of EO of P. dioscoridis. While, trans-α-farnesene (25.03%), O-ocimene (12.58%), isolongifolene-5-ol (5.53%), α-maaliene (6.64%), berkheyaradulen (4.82%), and α-muurolene (3.99%), represented the major compounds EO of E. bonariensis. A comparative study of our results with the previously described data was constructed based upon principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), where the results revealed a substantial variation of the present studied species than other reported ecospecies. EO of P. dioscoridis exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the two cancer cells, MCF-7 and A-549 with IC50 of 37.3 and 22.3 μM, respectively. While the EO of the E. bonariensis showed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 with IC50 of 25.6 μM. The EOs of P. dioscoridis, E. bonariensis, and their mixture (1:1) exhibited significant inhibitory activity of the collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase comparing with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a reference. The results of anti-aging showed that the activity of mixture (1:1) > P. dioscoridis > E. bonariensis against the four enzymes.

Keywords: anti-senility; cytotoxicity; horseweed; sesquiterpenes; wavy-leaf fleabane.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) chromatograme of the essential oils (EO) of Pluchea dioscoridis. The main peaks were numbered (1–7).
Figure 2
Figure 2
GC-MS chromatogrames of the EO of Erigeron bonariensis. The main peaks were numbered (1–7).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemometric analysis of the EOs from the present studied Pluchea dioscoridis ecospecies and other reported ecospecies. (a) agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and (b) principal component analysis (PCA).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemometric analysis of the EOs from the present studied Erigeron bonariensis ecospecies and other reported ecospecies. (a) agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and (b) principal component analysis (PCA).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Anti-aging activities of the EOs extracted from Pluchea dioscoridis and Erigeron bonariensis against the four enzymes: collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase. Values are IC50 (µg/mL) as an average of three replicates and the bars representing the standard deviation. Different letters (A, B, and C) within each enzyme mean values significant at 0.05 probability level after Duncan’s test.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Cytotoxicity of EOs of (A) Pluchea dioscoridis against MCF-7 cells, (B) P. dioscoridis against A-549 cells, and (C) Erigeron bonariensis against HepG2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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