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Review
. 2021 Mar 31;10(7):1400.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10071400.

Reproductive Chances of Men with Azoospermia Due to Spermatogenic Dysfunction

Caroline Kang  1 , Nahid Punjani  1 , Peter N Schlegel  1
Affiliations
Review

Reproductive Chances of Men with Azoospermia Due to Spermatogenic Dysfunction

Caroline Kang et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), or lack of sperm in the ejaculate due to spermatogenic dysfunction, is the most severe form of infertility. Men with this form of infertility should be evaluated prior to treatment, as there are various underlying etiologies for NOA. While a significant proportion of NOA men have idiopathic spermatogenic dysfunction, known etiologies including genetic disorders, hormonal anomalies, structural abnormalities, chemotherapy or radiation treatment, infection and inflammation may substantively affect the prognosis for successful treatment. Despite the underlying etiology for NOA, most of these infertile men are candidates for surgical sperm retrieval and subsequent use in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In this review, we describe common etiologies of NOA and clinical outcomes following surgical sperm retrieval and ICSI.

Keywords: infertility; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; non-obstructive azoospermia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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