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. 2021 Mar 5;11(3):204.
doi: 10.3390/life11030204.

Association of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients over a 4-Year Follow-Up

Azer Rizikalo  1 , Slavica Coric  2 , Andrija Matetic  3 , Mirjana Vasilj  4 , Zoran Tocilj  5 , Josko Bozic  6
Affiliations

Association of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients over a 4-Year Follow-Up

Azer Rizikalo et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the association of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in non-diabetic CKD patients is under-investigated. This prospective study was conducted at University Clinical Hospital Mostar over a 4-year period and enrolled a total of 100 patients with stage 2 and 4 CKD (50 patients per group). Stage 4 CKD group had significantly higher baseline CIMT values (1.13 ± 0.25 vs. 0.74 ± 0.03 mm, P < 0.001), and more atherosclerotic plaques at the study onset (13 (26%) vs. 0 (0%), P < 0.001) compared to stage 2 CKD. A statistically significant 4-year increase in GFR (coefficient of 2.51, 3.25, 2.71 and 1.50 for 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 4-year follow-up, respectively, P < 0.05) with non-significant CIMT alterations has been observed in stage 2 CKD. Furthermore, linear mixed effects analysis revealed significant decrease in GFR (coefficient of -6.69, -5.12, -3.18 and -1.77 for 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 4-year follow-up, respectively, P < 0.001) with increase in CIMT (coefficient of 0.20, 0.14, 0.07 and 0.03 for 1-year, 2-year, 3-year and 4-year follow-up, respectively, P < 0.001) in stage 4 CKD. GFR and CIMT showed significant negative correlation in both CKD groups during all follow-up phases (P < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant independent prediction of CIMT by baseline GFR (B = -0.85, P < 0.001), while there was no significant prediction of CIMT with other covariates. In conclusion, this study demonstrates significant association of GFR and CIMT in non-diabetic stage 2 and stage 4 CKD during the 4-year follow-up.

Keywords: carotid intima-media thickness; chronic kidney disease; glomerular filtration rate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the study. Legend: CKD–chronic kidney disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of eGFR and CIMT values over follow-up: (A) Stage 2 of CKD; (B) Stage 4 of CKD. Legend: CIMT–carotid intima-media thickness; CKD–chronic kidney disease; eGFR–estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pearson’s correlation of baseline eGFR and CIMT. Legend: CIMT–carotid intima-media thickness; eGFR–estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Adverse events during the study period. Chi-square test. Legend: CKD—chronic kidney disease; HD—hemodialysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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