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Review
. 2021 Mar 5;9(3):543.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030543.

Human Skin Microbiome: Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Skin Microbiota

Krzysztof Skowron  1 , Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska  2 , Zuzanna Kraszewska  1 , Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke  1 , Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda  1 , Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg  1 , Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska  3 , Laura Radtke  4 , Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska  1
Affiliations
Review

Human Skin Microbiome: Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Skin Microbiota

Krzysztof Skowron et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and it protects the body from the external environment. It has become the topic of interest of researchers from various scientific fields. Microorganisms ensure the proper functioning of the skin. Of great importance, are the mutual relations between such microorganisms and their responses to environmental impacts, as dysbiosis may contribute to serious skin diseases. Molecular methods, used for microorganism identification, allow us to gain a better understanding of the skin microbiome. The presented article contains the latest reports on the skin microbiota in health and disease. The review discusses the relationship between a properly functioning microbiome and the body's immune system, as well as the impact of internal and external factors on the human skin microbiome.

Keywords: disinfection; external factors; internal factors; microbiome; skin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the skin microbiome.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of bacteria on skin sites.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age-dependent specificity of the skin microbiome; CSR—cesarean section, VGL—vaginal birth.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of disinfectants on microorganism cells—modes of action.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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