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. 2021 Mar 30;8(4):263.
doi: 10.3390/children8040263.

Benign Convulsions with Mild Rotavirus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis: Nationwide Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea

Dong Hyun Kim  1 , Dong Jun Ha  1 , Yeong Seok Lee  1 , Min Jun Chun  1 , Young Se Kwon  1
Affiliations

Benign Convulsions with Mild Rotavirus and Norovirus Gastroenteritis: Nationwide Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea

Dong Hyun Kim et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

There have been no large-scale studies on the epidemiology of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in South Korea in 2007. This study aimed to analyze the trends in rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus-associated CwG (RaCwG) after rotavirus vaccination. Further, we aimed to analyze changes in norovirus gastroenteritis (NVGE) and norovirus-associated CwG (NaCwG) using nationwide data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Between 2007 and 2019, this study analyzed children aged <6 years who were diagnosed with RVGE, NVGE, RaCwG and NaCwG. The changes in the prevalence of each disease and the ratio of CwG to enteritis were analyzed and the effects of age, sex and season were also analyzed. RVGE, RaCwG, NVGE and NaCwG were diagnosed in 273,898, 4246, 35,593 and 337 patients, respectively. The prevalence of RVGE was on a decreasing trend every year, but the prevalence of NaCwG and NVGE was on an increasing trend. There was a significant annual increase in the ratio of CwG to enteritis in both viruses. In order to control the prevalence of RaCwG, measures other than the rotavirus vaccine are required and measures to prevent norovirus are necessary.

Keywords: benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis; norovirus infection; rotavirus infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Annual changes of the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE), rotavirus-associated benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis (RaCwG), norovirus gastroenteritis (NVGE) and norovirus gastroenteritis (NaCwG) and the vaccination rate. (a) Annual changes of the RaCwG prevalence per 100 comprising the mid-year point (MYP) (Exp(B): 0.956, p = 0.190) and NaCwG patients per 100 comprising the MYP (Exp(B): 1.790, p < 0.001). (b) Annual changes of the prevalence of RVGE (Exp(B): 0.869, p < 0.001) and NVGE (Exp(B): 1.224, p < 0.001) per 100 comprising the MYP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Between-period comparison of the prevalence of RVGE, RaCwG, NVGE and NaCwG. (a) Comparison of the RaCwG prevalence per 100 comprising the MYP (odds ratio: 0.759, p < 0.001) and NaCwG patients per 100 comprising the MYP (odds ratio: 115.311, p < 0.001). (b) Comparison of the prevalence of RVGE (odds ratio: 0.369, p < 0.001) and NVGE (odds ratio: 4.713, p < 0.001) per 100 comprising the MYP. RVGE: rotavirus gastroenteritis, RaCwG: rotavirus-associated benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis, NVGE: norovirus gastroenteritis, NaCwG: norovirus-associated benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis, MYP: mid-year population, Period A: 2007–2012, Period B: 2013–2018.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Annual changes in ratio of RaCwG to RVGE (Exp(β): 1.104 (95% CI 1.032–1.182), p = 0.004) and ratio of NaCwG to NVGE (Exp(β): 1.578 (95% CI 1.279–1.948), p < 0.001). RVGE: rotavirus gastroenteritis, RaCwG: rotavirus-associated benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis, NVGE: norovirus gastroenteritis, NaCwG: norovirus-associated benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Seasonal between-period comparison of the ratio of RaCwG to RVGE, p = 0.298. RVGE: rotavirus gastroenteritis, RaCwG: rotavirus-associated benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis, Period A: 2007–2012, Period B: 2013–2018.
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