Microbial Application to Improve Olive Mill Wastewater Phenolic Extracts

Abstract

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) contains valuable and interesting bioactive compounds, among which is hydroxytyrosol, which is characterized by a remarkable antioxidant activity. Due to the health claims related to olive polyphenols, the aim of this study was to obtain an extract from OMW with an increased level of hydroxytyrosol by means of microbial enzymatic activity. For this purpose, four commercial adsorbent resins were selected and tested. The beta-glucosidase and esterase activity of strains of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also investigated and compared to those of a commercial enzyme and an Aspergillus niger strain. The W. anomalus strain showed the best enzymatic performances. The SP207 resin showed the best efficiency in selective recovery of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, and total phenols. The bioconversion test of the OMW extract was assessed by using both culture broths and pellets of the tested strains. The results demonstrated that the pellets of W. anomalus and L. plantarum were the most effective in hydroxytyrosol increasing in phenolic extract. The interesting results suggest the possibility to study new formulations of OMW phenolic extracts with multifunctional microorganisms.

Keywords: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; Wickerhamomyces anomalus; adsorbent resins; beta-glucosidase; esterase; hydroxytyrosol; oleuropein; tyrosol.

Figure 1

HPLC phenolic profile (at 280 nm) of OMW sample (I.S. = Internal Standard).

Figure 2

Concentration of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein after bioconversion of diluted OMW extract by Lallzyme, extracellular broths and pellets of the two tested strains after 2 h at 50 °C. Different letters indicate statistical differences among the columns of the same compound (Significance at p < 0.001).