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Review
. 2021 Mar 19;22(6):3151.
doi: 10.3390/ijms22063151.

Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Markers for Endometrial Cancer

Roberto Piergentili  1 , Simona Zaami  2 , Anna Franca Cavaliere  3 , Fabrizio Signore  4 , Giovanni Scambia  5   6 , Alberto Mattei  7 , Enrico Marinelli  8 , Caterina Gulia  9 , Federica Perelli  7
Affiliations
Review

Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Markers for Endometrial Cancer

Roberto Piergentili et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Endometrial cancer (EC) has been classified over the years, for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. In recent years, classification systems have been emerging not only based on EC clinical and pathological characteristics but also on its genetic and epigenetic features. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as promising markers in several cancer types, including EC, for which their prognostic value is currently under investigation and will likely integrate the present prognostic tools based on protein coding genes. This review aims to underline the importance of the genetic and epigenetic events in the EC tumorigenesis, by expounding upon the prognostic role of ncRNAs.

Keywords: biomarkers; endometrial cancer; molecular biology; non-coding RNA; prognostic factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the most common ncRNA functions in cells. In all panels, the target genes may be either oncogenes or oncosuppressors, depending on the ncRNA involved and the mRNA target; as such, any of the described mechanisms may enhance or inhibit cell proliferation. (A): miR-mediated post-transcriptional control of gene expression; miR can pair with target mRNA through sequence homology and promote either mRNA fragmentation or translation impairment. (B): gene expression control of lncRNA through DNA structure modification; in this case gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level. (C): gene expression control of lncRNA through antisense annealing; in this case gene expression is regulated at the post-transcriptional level. (D): lncRNA and mRNA compete for the miR binding; in this case the lncRNA may sponge the miR(s) and allow mRNA translation. See text for additional explanations. Blue, mRNA; red, miR (sncRNA); orange, lncRNA; black, DNA; green, ribosome; other colors/forms, proteins. List of abbreviations: sncRNA is short non coding RNA; miR is micro RNA; lncRNA is long non coding RNA; ceRNA is competing endogenous RNA; mRNA is messenger RNA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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