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. 2021 Mar 22;11(3):902.
doi: 10.3390/ani11030902.

Thai Native Chicken as a Potential Functional Meat Source Rich in Anserine, Anserine/Carnosine, and Antioxidant Substances

Sukanya Charoensin  1 , Banyat Laopaiboon  1 , Wuttigrai Boonkum  1   2 , Jutarop Phetcharaburanin  3 , Myra O Villareal  4   5 , Hiroko Isoda  4   5 , Monchai Duangjinda  1   2
Affiliations

Thai Native Chicken as a Potential Functional Meat Source Rich in Anserine, Anserine/Carnosine, and Antioxidant Substances

Sukanya Charoensin et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

This study identified anserine and anserine/carnosine in chicken breast of Thai native chicken (TNC; 100% Thai native), Thai synthetic chicken (TSC; 50% Thai native), and Thai native crossbred chicken (TNC crossbred; 25% Thai native) compared with commercial broiler chicken (BR; 0% Thai native) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the effect on antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). We conducted experiments with a completely randomized design and explored principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify the distinguishing metabolites and relative concentrations from 1H NMR spectra among the groups. The relative concentrations and antioxidant properties among the groups were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model (GLM). This study revealed seven metabolites alanine, inositol monophosphate (IMP), inosine, and anserine/carnosine, lactate, anserine, and creatine. Lactate, anserine, and creatine were major components. In terms of PCA, the plots can distinguish BR from other groups. OPLS-DA revealed that anserine and anserine/carnosine in the chicken breast were significantly higher in TNC, TSC, and TNC crossbred than BR according to their relative concentrations and antioxidant properties (p < 0.01). Therefore, TNCs and their crossbreeds might have the potential to be functional meat sources.

Keywords: Thai native chicken; anserine; antioxidant; carnosine; functional meat.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Principal component analysis (PCA) scores discriminating metabolites of chicken breast extracts of (A) commercial broilers versus PD = Pradu Hang Dam Mor Kor 55 (100% Thai native); Q2 = 0.62, (B) commercial broilers versus CH = Chee KKU 12 (100% Thai native); Q2 = 0.53, (C) commercial broilers versus KM = Khai Mook E-san (50% Thai native;); Q2 = 0.43, and (D) commercial broilers versus KKU-ONE (25% Thai native); Q2 = 0.39.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Orthogonal signal correction–Projection to Latent Structures–Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) scores discriminating metabolites of chicken breast extracts of (A) commercial broilers versus PD = Pradu Hang Dam Mor Kor 55 (100% Thai native); R2X = 0.67, Q2Y = 0.62 and p-value = 0.0002, (B) commercial broilers versus CH = Chee KKU 12 (100% Thai native); R2X = 0.64, Q2Y = 0.70 and p-value 0.002, (C) commercial broilers versus KM = Khai Mook E-san (50% Thai native); R2X = 0.57, Q2Y = 0.61 and p-value = 0.002, and (D) commercial broilers versus KKU-ONE (25% Thai native); R2X = 0.54, Q2Y = 0.58 and p-value = 0.002.
Figure 3
Figure 3
OPLS-DA loading plots discriminating metabolites of chicken breast extracts of (A) commercial broilers versus PD = Pradu Hang Dam Mor Kor 55 (100% Thai native), (B) commercial broilers versus CH = Chee KKU 12 (100% Thai native), (C) commercial broilers versus KM = Khai Mook E-san (50% Thai native), and (D) commercial broilers versus KKU-ONE (25% Thai native).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) PCA scores, (B) OPLS-DA scores, and (C) OPLS-DA loading plots of chicken breast extracts discriminating metabolites of KKU-ONE (25% Thai native) and CH = Chee KKU 12 (100% Thai native). R2X = 0.41, Q2Y = 0.38, p-value = 0.6.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Relative concentrations of anserine (3.791 ppm) and anserine/carnosine (3.22 ppm) in chicken breast extracts by 400-MHz 1H-NMR spectra (0–10 ppm) from PD = Pradu Hang Dam Mor Kor 55 (100% Thai native), CH = Chee KKU 12 (100% Thai native), KM = Khai Mook E-san (50% Thai native), and KKU-ONE (25% Thai native). A,B represent the level of significance of the differences among the genotypes (p < 0.01).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of dipeptide-rich chicken extracts on antioxidant activity of PD = Pradu Hang Dam Mor Kor 55 (100% Thai native), CH = Chee KKU 12 (100% Thai native), KM = Khai Mook E-san (50% Thai native), and KKU-ONE (25% Thai native). A,B,C represent the level of significance of the differences among the genotypes (p < 0.01).
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