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Review
. 2021 Mar 26;10(4):629.
doi: 10.3390/plants10040629.

Optimizing Sampling and Extraction Methods for Plant-Parasitic and Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Mahfouz M M Abd-Elgawad  1
Affiliations
Review

Optimizing Sampling and Extraction Methods for Plant-Parasitic and Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Mahfouz M M Abd-Elgawad. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes (PPNs and EPNs) are key groups in crop production systems. This study aims at optimizing nematode sampling and extraction methods to benefit integrated pest management (IPM) through (a) management of PPNs and (b) use of EPNs. The impacts of these methods on PPNs and EPNs to achieve cost-effective and efficient IPM programs are presented. The common misuses of sampling and extraction methods are discussed. Professionals engaged in IPM should consider sampling the reliability level in the light of the intended goal, location, crop value, susceptibility, nematode species, and available funds. Logical sampling methodology should be expanded to integrate various factors that can recover extra EPN isolates with differential pathogenicity. It should seek for the best EPN-host matching. Merits of repeated baiting for EPN extraction from soil and sieving for PPN recovery from suspensions are presented. Their extraction values may be modelled to quantify the efficiency of nematode separation. The use of proper indices of dispersion to enhance the biocontrol potential of EPNs or save costs in nematicidal applications is ideally compatible with IPM programs. Selecting an extraction method may sometimes require further tests to find the best extraction method of the existing fauna and/or flora. Cons and pros of modern sampling and extraction techniques are highlighted.

Keywords: IPM; index of dispersion; modelling; molecular approaches; sampling and extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Two quadrat sizes are represented by concentric circles. The inner circle represents random nematode distribution around plant main root and the outer circle represents clumped nematode distribution around lateral fibrous roots as well.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Calculated relationships between number of Galleria-baiting cycles and percentage recovery of entomopathogenic nematodes-infected insects for surveys of mango and citrus orchards.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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