Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2021 Jun:197:111085.
doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111085. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Semen quality and windows of susceptibility: A case study during COVID-19 outbreak in China

Tingting Yang  1 , Li Deng  2 , Boyu Sun  3 , Shifu Zhang  2 , Yang Xian  1 , Xiao Xiao  1 , Yu Zhan  2 , Kehui Xu  4 , Johnathan J Buonocore  5 , Ya Tang  2 , Fuping Li  6 , Yang Qiu  7
Affiliations
Observational Study

Semen quality and windows of susceptibility: A case study during COVID-19 outbreak in China

Tingting Yang et al. Environ Res. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the impact of air pollution exposure on semen quality parameters during COVID-19 outbreak in China, and to identify potential windows of susceptibility for semen quality.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out on 1991 semen samples collected between November 23, 2019 and July 23, 2020 (a period covering COVID-19 lock-down in China) from 781 sperm donor candidates at University-affiliated Sichuan Provincial Human Sperm Bank. Multivariate mixed-effects regression models were constructed to investigate the relationship between pollution exposure, windows of susceptibility, and semen quality, while controlling for biographic and meteorologic confounders.

Result(s): The results indicated multiple windows of susceptibility for semen quality, especially sperm motility, due to ambient pollution exposure. Exposure to particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10), O3 and NO2 during late stages of spermatogenesis appeared to have weak but positive association with semen quality. Exposure to CO late in sperm development appeared to have inverse relationship with sperm movement parameters. Exposure to SO2 appeared to influence semen quality throughout spermatogenesis.

Conclusion(s): Potential windows of susceptibility for semen quality varied depending on air pollutants. Sperm motility was sensitive to pollution exposure. Findings from current study further elucidate the importance of sensitive periods during spermatogenesis and provide new evidence for the determinants of male fertility.

Keywords: Computer sperm analysis; Pollution exposure; Semen quality; Sperm motility; Windows of susceptibility.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Spermatogenesis timeline (a), exposure windows (b) and study timeline (c).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Spatial distribution of study population during study period and respective ambient air quality monitoring stations.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Temporal change in ambient pollution experienced by the study population and daily number of sample collection. Dotted line in top panel represents 90-day lag average of respective air pollutants. All concentrations in μg/m3 except for CO, which is in mg/m3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Agarwal A., Saleh R.A., Bedaiwy M.A. Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction. Fertil. Steril. 2003;79:829–843. - PubMed
    1. Agarwal A., Virk G., Ong C., du Plessis S.S. Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction. World J. Men’s Health. 2014;32:1–17. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bates D., Mächler M., Bolker B., Walker S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Software. 2015;67:1–48.
    1. Caswell T.A., Droettboom M., Lee A., Hunter J., Firing E., Stansby D., Klymak J., Hoffmann T., Andrade E.S.D., Varoquaux N., Nielsen J.H., Root B., Elson P., May R., Dale D., Lee Jae-Joon, Seppänen J.K., McDougall D., Straw A., Hobson P., Gohlke C., Yu T.S., Ma E., Vincent A.F., Silvester S., Moad C., Kniazev N., Ivanov P., Ernest E., Katins J. 2020. Matplotlib/Matplotlib v3.1.3. Zenodo.
    1. Chan C.K., Yao X. Air pollution in mega cities in China. Atmos. Environ. 2008;42:1–42.

Publication types