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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Aug;52(6):656-659.
doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.004. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Proton Pump Inhibitors: Current Use and the Risk of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 Development and its Related Mortality. Meta-analysis

Ahmad Amjed Toubasi  1 , Rand Bilal AbuAnzeh  1 , Bann Rami Khraisat  2 , Thuraya Nael Al-Sayegh  1 , Saif Aldeen AlRyalat  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Proton Pump Inhibitors: Current Use and the Risk of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 Development and its Related Mortality. Meta-analysis

Ahmad Amjed Toubasi et al. Arch Med Res. 2021 Aug.

Abstract

Background: The ongoing Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis that has had a magnanimous worldwide impact on all aspects of people's lives. Several observational studies investigated the relationship between Proton Pump Inhibitors use and the risk of COVID-19 development and mortality.

Aim of the study: The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the association between current PPIs use and the development of COVID-19 as well as its mortality.

Methods: Pubmed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and medRxiv were searched until November 21, 2020 using the following keywords: proton pump inhibitors and COVID-19 as well as their related MESH terms. The studies considered in the meta-analysis were either cohort or case-control in design and adjusted for confounding factors. The quality of the studies included in this meta-analysis was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. In addition, a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled Odds Ratio (ORs) and the corresponding confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated using The Cochran's Q heterogeneity test and I2 statistic.

Results: Six observational studies with 195,230 participants were included. In this meta-analysis, current use of PPIs increased risk of COVID-19 development (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.62-2.28) and mortality (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.41-1.97).

Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicates that current PPIs use significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 mortality, but it did not reach a significant threshold in regards to the risk of COVID-19 development.

Keywords: COVID-19; Gastroenterology; Global Health; Human; Pandemic; Proton Pump Inhibitors.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA Flow Chart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PPIs Use and the Risk COVID-19 Development.
Figure 3
Figure 3
PPIs Use and COVID-19 Mortality.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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