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. 2021 Mar 17;43(2):288-299.
doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbab017. eCollection 2021 Mar-Apr.

Container volume may affect growth rates of ciliates and clearance rates of their microcrustacean predators in microcosm experiments

Thomas Weisse  1 , Dunja Lukić  1 , Xiaoteng Lu  1
Affiliations

Container volume may affect growth rates of ciliates and clearance rates of their microcrustacean predators in microcosm experiments

Thomas Weisse et al. J Plankton Res. .

Abstract

We studied the effect of volume in small containers (microcosms) on five common planktonic freshwater ciliates and three zooplankton species, namely Daphnia sp., the calanoid copepod Eudiaptomus sp., and the cyclopoid copepod Cyclops sp. We measured ciliate specific growth rates and their loss rates due to microcrustacean predation in short-term experiments. We hypothesized that container volume ranging from 10 to 200 mL would not affect the activity of our prey and predator species. We found that the response to volume was species-specific; growth rates of three ciliate species were sensitive to volume. However, the volume effect was not unequivocal because different timing of the microcosm experiments (block effects) may have caused random bias due to varying morphological and/or physiological conditions of the ciliates and their predators. For predator clearance rate, the volume effect was insignificant in the filter-feeding Daphnia and Eudiaptomus but was significant for the predatory copepod Cyclops, which was hampered in the smallest experimental containers. Total crustacean clearance rates averaged over all treatments appeared unaffected by predator species, while ciliate species significantly affected the results. Our growth and clearance rates are close to previous findings with the same or similar planktonic prey and predator species.

Keywords: Cyclops; Daphnia; Eudiaptomus; ciliates; growth and clearance rates; volume effect.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Experimental design of the microcosm experiments. Treatment A refers to microcrustacean predation, treatment B to ciliate growth rates.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Box and bee swarm plots of ciliate growth rates in relation to container volume. For each ciliate species, the lower boundary of the box indicates the 25th percentile, the solid line within the box marks the median, and the upper boundary of the box indicates the 75th percentile. Whiskers (error bars) above and below the box indicate the 90th and 10th percentiles.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Clearance rates of the three microcrustacean species on the five ciliate species in relation to container volume. Same legend as in Figure 2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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