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Review
. 2021 Mar;70(1):13-23.
doi: 10.33073/pjm-2021-005. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus Bloodstream Infections in Humans: a Review

Klaudia Lisowska-Łysiak  1 , Ryszard Lauterbach  2 , Jacek Międzobrodzki  1 , Maja Kosecka-Strojek  1
Affiliations
Review

Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus Bloodstream Infections in Humans: a Review

Klaudia Lisowska-Łysiak et al. Pol J Microbiol. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Staphylococci are among the most frequent human microbiota components associated with the high level of bloodstream infection (BSI) episodes. In predisposed patients, there is a high risk of transformation of BSI episodes to sepsis. Both bacterial and host factors are crucial for the outcomes of BSI and sepsis. The highest rates of BSI episodes were reported in Africa, where these infections were up to twice as high as the European rates. However, there remains a great need to analyze African data for comprehensive quantification of staphylococcal BSI prevalence. The lowest rates of BSI exist in Australia. Asian, European, and North American data showed similar frequency values. Worldwide analysis indicated that both Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most frequent BSI agents. In the second group, the most prevalent species was Staphylococcus epidermidis, although CoNS were not identified at the species level in many studies. The lack of a significant worldwide decrease in BSI episodes indicates a great need to implement standardized diagnostic methods and research etiological factors using advanced genetic methods.

Keywords: Staphylococcus; bacteremia; carriage; infection; sepsis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors do not report any financial or personal connections with other persons or organizations, which might negatively affect the contents of this publication and/or claim authorship rights to this publication.

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