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. 2021 Mar 18;6(12):8171-8178.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06095. eCollection 2021 Mar 30.

Production, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of an Exopolysaccharide Extracted from Spent Media Wastewater after Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim32 Fermentation

In Seong Choi  1   2 , Seung Hee Ko  1   2 , Mo Eun Lee  1 , Ho Myeong Kim  1 , Jung Eun Yang  1 , Seul-Gi Jeong  1 , Kwang Ho Lee  3 , Ji Yoon Chang  1 , Jin-Cheol Kim  4 , Hae Woong Park  1
Affiliations

Production, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities of an Exopolysaccharide Extracted from Spent Media Wastewater after Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim32 Fermentation

In Seong Choi et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are important alternatives to plant polysaccharides in fermented products and exhibit antioxidant activity, which is particularly desirable for functional foods. This study evaluated the use of spent media wastewater (SMW) derived from kimchi fermentation for the production of an EPS and analyzed the characterization and antioxidant activity of the resulting EPS. The EPS concentration and conversion yields of sequential purification were 7.7-9.0 g/L and 38.6-45.1%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectra and NMR spectra indicated that the EPS was a linear glucan with α-(1 → 6) linkages. The EPS also exhibited thermal tolerance to high temperatures. In vitro antioxidant activity analyses indicated the scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, thiobarbituric acid reactance (TBAR), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values of 71.6-79.1, 28.2-33.0%, and 0.04-0.05 mM FeCl3, respectively. These results reveal that the EPS extracted from SMW has potential as a thermally tolerant, nontoxic, and natural antioxidant for industrial applications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chromatogram and chemical composition of crude exopolysaccharide (cEPS) (A, B) and purified exopolysaccharide (pEPS) (C, D).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Protein weight distribution of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) on SDS-PAGE (S/M: protein ladder).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structural analysis. (A) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and (B) 13C NMR spectrum of the purified exopolysaccharide (EPS) from L. mesenteroides WiKim32.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of L. mesenteroides WiKim32. (A) Bacterial cells after cultivation. (B) Layer at the surface of the cell wall represents the exopolysaccharide (EPS) (black arrow). (C) Structural models of the L. mesenteroides WiKim32 cell wall. The bacterial cell envelops the peptidoglycan layer (PG), wall teichoic acids (WTA), lipoteichoic acids (LTA), and the outer layer of the cell wall. The EPS is attached to the cell wall. Scale bars are 1 μm (left) and 200 nm (middle).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve of the purified exopolysaccharide (EPS) from spent media wastewater of L. mesenteroides WiKim32.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Antioxidant activity of cEPS and pEPS: (A) radical-scavenging capacity of cEPS and pEPS, (B) inhibition effect of lipid peroxidation, and (C) ferrous chelating ability.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Overall mass balance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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