S100A1 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with acute aortic dissection

Abstract

Objective: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a common life-threatening cardiovascular disease. This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the plasma concentration of S100A1 and its diagnostic value for AAD through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses.

Methods: Seventy-eight patients with AAD and 77 healthy controls were included, and the relevant clinical data for each group were collected. According to the Stanford classification, the AAD patients were divided into types A and B. The plasma levels of S100A1, D-dimer, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and cardiac troponin T were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results: The S100A1 concentrations in the healthy control, Stanford A, and Stanford B groups were 0.7 ± 0.6, 4.9 ± 2.6, and 3.5 ± 2.2 ng/mL, respectively. The concentration of S100A1 was increased in patients with AAD complicated with aortic regurgitation, pericardial effusion, or in-hospital death. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.89. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the S100A1 level was an important risk factor for the development of AAD.

Conclusion: Plasma S100A1 is significantly elevated in patients with AAD, and its concentration has potential clinical value for diagnosing AAD.

Keywords: Aortic disease; S100 protein; biological marker; calcium-binding protein; cardiovascular disease; diagnosis.

Figure 1.

The levels of S100A1 in patients with different sub-groups. The plasma levels of S100A1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Measurements were made in duplicate and averaged, and the data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. CAD: coronary artery disease.

Figure 2.

ROC curves using S100A1, D-dimer, hs-CRP, and cTNT levels for the prediction of AAD. The plasma levels of S100A1, D-dimer, hs-CRP, and cTNT in AAD patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The AUCs of the ROC curves of S100A1, D-dimer, hs-CRP, and cTnT were 0.89, 0.99, 0.88, and 0.85, respectively. AAD: acute aortic dissection; hs-CRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; cTNT: cardiac troponin T; AUC: area under the curve; ROC: receiving operating characteristic.