The microbiological quality of various foods dried by applying different drying methods: a review

Abstract

With the drying process, the water activity and moisture content of the foods are reduced, so the growth of microorganisms in the foods is largely prevented/postponed. But low-aw foods should not be considered sterile they can be contaminated by fungi and other contaminants during the drying process under unhygienic conditions. If drying is not done to a sufficient degree of moisture during food processing and storage, where dried foods are processed, sometimes the minimum value is reached for the growth of microorganisms. In dry foods, some pathogens, yeast and molds can continue to grow during storage, transport and transportation until the sale and they causing spoilage. They can even cause health problems if enough pathogen or spore cells remain viable. Considering this situation today, it is attempted to obtain high-quality dried foods with good microbiologically and chemically properties. For this purpose, various drying methods have been developed. Most studies suggest that when foods are pre-treated with the ascorbic acid or sodium metabisulfite or applied with various combined methods such as UV irradiation, supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO₂), low-pressure superheated steam drying (LPSSD), and infrared (IR) drying, they can be effective on inactivation of microorganisms. We have reviewed in this study how these methods made dried products efficient of microbial inactivation and microbiologically safe.

Keywords: Bacterial survivor; Dried fruits and vegetables; Drying methods; Emerging technologies in food processing; Food safety; Microbial inactivation.