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. 2019 Jun 1;46(2):165-179.
doi: 10.1177/0091450919827605. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Social and Political Factors Associated With State-Level Legalization of Cannabis in the United States

Joanne Spetz  1   2 , Susan A Chapman  2   3 , Timothy Bates  1   2 , Matthew Jura  1   2   4 , Laura A Schmidt  1   5
Affiliations

Social and Political Factors Associated With State-Level Legalization of Cannabis in the United States

Joanne Spetz et al. Contemp Drug Probl. .

Abstract

Thirty-three U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes and 10 states and DC have legalized marijuana for adult recreational use. This mirrors an international trend toward relaxing restrictions on marijuana. This paper analyzes patterns in marijuana laws across U.S. states to shed light on the social and political forces behind the liberalization of marijuana policy following a long era of conservatism. Data on U.S. state-level demographics, economic conditions, and cultural and political characteristics are analyzed, as well as establishment of and levels of support for other drug and social policies, to determine whether there are patterns between states that have liberalized marijuana policy versus those that have not. Laws decriminalizing marijuana possession, as well as those authorizing its sale for medical and recreational use, follow the same pattern of diffusion. The analysis points to underlying patterns of demographic, cultural, economic, and political variation linked to marijuana policy liberalization in the U.S. context, which deserve further examination internationally.

Keywords: marijuana policy; medical marijuana; substance control policy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Trends in U.S. state marijuana policy liberalization (1973–2018).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Maps of marijuana policies, gay marriage support, nurse practitioner independence, and “stand-your-ground” gun laws (2018).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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