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. 2021 Mar:5:1.
doi: 10.21037/aol-20-28. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Epidemiology of Marginal Zone Lymphoma

James R Cerhan  1 , Thomas M Habermann  2
Affiliations

Epidemiology of Marginal Zone Lymphoma

James R Cerhan et al. Ann Lymphoma. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

In 2016 there were an estimated 7,460 newly diagnosed patients with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) in the US, which comprised 7% of all mature non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Based on data from the US SEER-18 program from 2001-2017, the age-standardized incidence rate for MZL was 19.6 per 1,000,000 person-years; 9% of MZL cases were splenic MZL (SMZL), 30% nodal MZL (NMZL), and 61% extranodal MZL (EMZL) of mucusa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Incidence rates were slightly higher in men for SMZL and NMZL, but similar for EMZL, and increased steeply with age for all MZL subtypes. The incidence (age-standardized per 1,000,000) of MZL was highest among non-Hispanic whites (20.7), followed by Hispanics of all races (17.6), non-Hispanic blacks (15.4), and Asian/Pacific islanders (15.0). The incidence of MZL increased +1.0% per year in the US from 2001-2017, with increases reported in other countries during this timeframe. The 5-year relative survival rate for MZL in the US was 89.8% and was similar across racial/ethnic groups and by sex; survival rates have been increasing in the US and other countries. Established risk factors for MZL (or MZL subtypes) include family history of NHL, genetic loci in the HLA region, Helicobacter pylori infection (gastric MALT lymphoma), and several autoimmune diseases (Sjögren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and Hashimoto thyroiditis), with strong (but not definitive) evidence for Chlamydia psittaci (ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma), Borrelia burgdorferi (cutaneous MZL), hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and solid organ transplantation. Promising risk factors that require additional study include other infections, other autoimmune conditions, trichloroethylene exposure, certain occupations, hair dye, cigarette smoking, sun exposure (protective), and alcohol use (protective). MZL is a model of an antigen-driven malignancy, where epidemiologic risk factors, tissue-specific factors, and host immune response (including the impact of chronic inflammation and immunosuppression) drive lymphomagenesis with implications for prevention.

Keywords: epidemiology; genetics; incidence; marginal zone lymphoma; risk factors.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Age-Incidence by sex for SMZL, NMZL, EMZL, and EMZL for selected anatomic sites, United States, SEER-18, 2001–2017.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Age-adjusted incidence rates per 1,000,000 for marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) by subtype, race/ethnicity, and selected extranodal MZL subtypes, SEER-18, United States, 2001–2017.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Age-adjusted incidence rates per 1,000,000 for marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) by subtype, race/ethnicity, and selected extranodal MZL subtypes, SEER-18, United States, 2001–2017.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Age-adjusted incidence rates per 1,000,000 for marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) by subtype, race/ethnicity, and selected extranodal MZL subtypes, SEER-18, United States, 2001–2017.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Age-adjusted incidence rates per 1,000,000 for marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) by subtype, race/ethnicity, and selected extranodal MZL subtypes, SEER-18, United States, 2001–2017.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Five-year relative survival rates (percent) for Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) according to major MZL subtypes and selected extranodal MZL sties by sex, United States, SEER 18, 2000–2017.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Five-year relative survival rates (percent) for Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL) according to major MZL subtypes and selected extranodal MZL sties by sex, United States, SEER 18, 2000–2017.
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