Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 May 1;37(5):372-378.
doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000925.

Implementation and Evaluation of the Premature Infant Pain Profile-revised (PIPP-R) e-Learning Module for Assessing Pain in Infants

Mariana Bueno  1 , Bonnie Stevens  1   2 , Megha Rao  1   3 , Shirine Riahi  1 , Marsha Campbell-Yeo  4   5 , Leah Carrier  5 , Britney Benoit  6
Affiliations

Implementation and Evaluation of the Premature Infant Pain Profile-revised (PIPP-R) e-Learning Module for Assessing Pain in Infants

Mariana Bueno et al. Clin J Pain. .

Abstract

Objectives: The Premature Infant Pain Profile-revised (PIPP-R) is a well-established measure for infant pain assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation and clinical utility of the PIPP-R electronic learning (e-Learning) module to promote standardized health care training for nurses.

Materials and methods: A descriptive mixed-methods study was conducted in 2 tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Canada. Nurses were recruited and asked to complete the PIPP-R e-Learning Module and evaluate it. A 26-item questionnaire was used to describe nurse demographics and clinical experience and to evaluate implementation success (ie, acceptability, feasibility, usability) and clinical utility.

Results: In all, 98 nurses from 2 settings in Central and Eastern Canada participated; most were registered nurses highly experienced in neonatal nursing care. The majority had received previous training on the PIPP-R (61.2%) and routinely used it in practice (67.4%). They considered the e-Learning module as acceptable and feasible as it was easy to access (94.9%) and to navigate (94.8%). Content was considered clear (98.9%) and met users' learning needs (99.0%). Nurses agreed that completing the module improved their understanding of neonatal pain (96.0%) and was clinically useful in improving their ability to assess pain in neonates (97.9%). The module was accessed primarily from work settings (77.8%) using desktop computers (49.0%) or tablets (28.0%) and was usually completed in a single session (75.7%).

Discussion: Nurses' evaluation of the PIPP-R e-Learning module was overwhelmingly positive. The module was perceived as easy to implement, clinically useful, and was considered as a promising online educational tool. Further testing in clinical practice is needed to build on the results of this study and support the importance of dissemination of this module for standardized training purposes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Raja SN, Srinivasa N, Carr DB, et al. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020;161:1976–1982.
    1. Gibbins S, Stevens BJ, Yamada J, et al. Validation of the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R). Early Hum Dev. 2014;19:189–193.
    1. Giordano V, Edobor J, Deindl P, et al. Pain and sedation scales for neonatal and pediatric patients in a preverbal stage of development: a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173:1186–1197.
    1. Lee GY, Yamada J, Kyololo O, et al. Pediatric clinical practice guidelines for acute procedural pain: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2014;133:500–515.
    1. Committee on Fetus and Newborn and Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine. Prevention and management of procedural pain in the neonate: an update. Pediatrics. 2016;137:e20154271.

LinkOut - more resources