Depression and anxiety in pregnancy during COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113912

Review

. 2021 Jun:300:113912.

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113912. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Depression and anxiety in pregnancy during COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis

Lianne M Tomfohr-Madsen¹, Nicole Racine², Gerald F Giesbrecht³, Catherine Lebel⁴, Sheri Madigan²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: ltomfohr@ucalgary.ca.
² Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada.
³ Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
⁴ Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

PMID: 33836471
PMCID: PMC9755112
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113912

Review

Depression and anxiety in pregnancy during COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis

Lianne M Tomfohr-Madsen et al. Psychiatry Res. 2021 Jun.

. 2021 Jun:300:113912.

doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113912. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Authors

Lianne M Tomfohr-Madsen¹, Nicole Racine², Gerald F Giesbrecht³, Catherine Lebel⁴, Sheri Madigan²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address: ltomfohr@ucalgary.ca.
² Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada.
³ Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
⁴ Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

PMID: 33836471
PMCID: PMC9755112
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113912

Abstract

The study rapidly reviewed and meta-analyzed the worldwide prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic search of the literature and meta-analyses were conducted from December 2019 - February 2021 with a total of 46 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Depression was assessed in 37 studies (N = 47,677), with a pooled prevalence of 25.6%. Anxiety was assessed in 34 studies (N = 42,773), with a pooled prevalence of 30.5%; moderation by time showed that prevalence of anxiety was higher in studies conducted later in the pandemic.

Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Depression; Mental health; Meta-analysis; Pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
a PRISMA diagram and b. forest plots.

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References

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[1] Dennis C.L., Falah-Hassani K., Shiri R. Prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2017;210(5):315–323. - PubMed

[2] Dennis C.L., Falah-Hassani K., Shiri R. Prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry. 2017;210(5):315–323. - PubMed

[3] Gavin N.I., Gaynes B.N., Lohr K.N., Meltzer-Brody S., Gartlehner G., Swinson T. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet. Gynecol. 2005;106(5):1071–1083. - PubMed

[4] Gavin N.I., Gaynes B.N., Lohr K.N., Meltzer-Brody S., Gartlehner G., Swinson T. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet. Gynecol. 2005;106(5):1071–1083. - PubMed

[5] Stein A., Pearson R.M., Goodman S.H., et al. Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. Lancet. 2014;384(9956):1800–1819. - PubMed

[6] Stein A., Pearson R.M., Goodman S.H., et al. Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. Lancet. 2014;384(9956):1800–1819. - PubMed

[7] Van den Bergh B.R., Dahnke R., Mennes M. Prenatal stress and the developing brain: risks for neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev. Psychopathol. 2018;30(3):743–762. - PubMed

[8] Van den Bergh B.R., Dahnke R., Mennes M. Prenatal stress and the developing brain: risks for neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev. Psychopathol. 2018;30(3):743–762. - PubMed

[9] Lancaster C.A., Gold K.J., Flynn H.A., Yoo H., Marcus S.M., Davis M.M. Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2010;202(1):5–14. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Lancaster C.A., Gold K.J., Flynn H.A., Yoo H., Marcus S.M., Davis M.M. Risk factors for depressive symptoms during pregnancy: a systematic review. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2010;202(1):5–14. - PMC - PubMed

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Depression and anxiety in pregnancy during COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis

Affiliations

Depression and anxiety in pregnancy during COVID-19: A rapid review and meta-analysis

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Conflict of interest statement

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