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Review
. 2021 Mar 25:12:634018.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634018. eCollection 2021.

Dinitroaniline Herbicide Resistance and Mechanisms in Weeds

Jinyi Chen  1   2 , Qin Yu  1 , Eric Patterson  2 , Chad Sayer  3 , Stephen Powles  1
Affiliations
Review

Dinitroaniline Herbicide Resistance and Mechanisms in Weeds

Jinyi Chen et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Dinitroanilines are microtubule inhibitors, targeting tubulin proteins in plants and protists. Dinitroaniline herbicides, such as trifluralin, pendimethalin and oryzalin, have been used as pre-emergence herbicides for weed control for decades. With widespread resistance to post-emergence herbicides in weeds, the use of pre-emergence herbicides such as dinitroanilines has increased, in part, due to relatively slow evolution of resistance in weeds to these herbicides. Target-site resistance (TSR) to dinitroaniline herbicides due to point mutations in α-tubulin genes has been confirmed in a few weedy plant species (e.g., Eleusine indica, Setaria viridis, and recently in Lolium rigidum). Of particular interest is the resistance mutation Arg-243-Met identified from dinitroaniline-resistant L. rigidum that causes helical growth when plants are homozygous for the mutation. The recessive nature of the TSR, plus possible fitness cost for some resistance mutations, likely slows resistance evolution. Furthermore, non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to dinitroanilines has been rarely reported and only confirmed in Lolium rigidum due to enhanced herbicide metabolism (metabolic resistance). A cytochrome P450 gene (CYP81A10) has been recently identified in L. rigidum that confers resistance to trifluralin. Moreover, TSR and NTSR have been shown to co-exist in the same weedy species, population, and plant. The implication of knowledge and information on TSR and NTSR in management of dinitroaniline resistance is discussed.

Keywords: dinitroaniline herbicides; metabolic resistance; non-target-site resistance; target-site resistance; trifluralin (herbicide); tubulin mutations.

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Conflict of interest statement

CS is employed by the company Nufarm Limited. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Trifluralin chemical structure.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Simulative structure of a microtubule. The ring shape depicts a microtubule in cross-section, showing the 13 protofilaments surrounding a hollow centre (https://goo.gl/images/BKJ9m3, under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Helical growth of Lolium rigidum (top picture, on the left) and transgenic rice (T2, bottom picture, on the left) homozygous for the α-tubulin Arg-243-Met mutation (243-Met R/R) in comparsion to the norma growth of corresponding wild type plants (on the right). Photos were taken 42 and 30 days after L. rigidum and rice transplanting, respectively.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Parameters associated with dinitroaniline resistance evolution in weeds.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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