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. 2021 Mar 23;6(13):9234-9242.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00644. eCollection 2021 Apr 6.

Preparation of a Composite Scaffold from Polycaprolactone and Hydroxyapatite Particles by Means of Alternating Current Electrospinning

Radek Jirkovec  1 , Pavel Holec  1 , Sarka Hauzerova  2 , Alzbeta Samkova  3 , Tomas Kalous  1 , Jiri Chvojka  1
Affiliations

Preparation of a Composite Scaffold from Polycaprolactone and Hydroxyapatite Particles by Means of Alternating Current Electrospinning

Radek Jirkovec et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

This research involved the production of polycaprolactone fiber layers via the alternating current electrospinning method. To construct the micro/nanofiber scaffold, mixtures of two molecular weight solutions, M n 45 000 and M n 80 000, were spun in differing proportions in a solvent system containing acetic acid, formic acid, and acetone in a ratio of 1:1:1. The composite fiber materials with hydroxyapatite particles were prepared from a solution that combined the different molecular weight solutions at a ratio of 1:3. The study resulted in the preparation of fiber layers containing 0, 5, 10, and 15% (wt) hydroxyapatite particles from the dry mass of the polycaprolactone. The strength, wettability, and surface energy of the composite materials were examined, and the results demonstrated that hydroxyapatite affects the fiber diameters, strength, and surface energy and, thus, the wettability of the fiber layers. The fibrous layers produced were further tested for cytotoxicity and cell viability and proliferation. The results obtained thus strongly indicate that the resulting bulky micro/nanofiber layers are suitable for further testing with a view to their eventual application in the field of bone tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Parameters of the prepared PCL solutions: (A) viscosity and (B) conductivity. 95% CI; ****p < 0.0001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM images of the fibrous layers produced from mixtures of Mn 45 000 and Mn 80 000 at the following ratios: (A) 1:0, (B) 3:1, (C) 2:1, (D) 1:1, (E) 1:2, (F) 1:3, and (G) 0:1. (20 μm scale). (H) Fiber diameter of spun mixtures. 95% CI; *p < 0.0368, **p < 0.0032, ***p < 0.0003, and ****p < 0.0001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Parameters of the prepared PCL solutions with HA: (A) viscosity and (B) conductivity of the solutions. 95% CI; *p < 0.0177 and ****p < 0.0001.
Figure 4
Figure 4
AC spinning of the prepared solutions: (A) pure PCL solution, (B) PCL solution with 5% HA, (C) PCL solution with 10% HA, and (D) PCL solution with 15% HA.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Parameters of fiber layers. (A) Fiber diameters of PCL/HA layers. 95% CI; **p < 0.0065 and ****p < 0.0001. (B) Thicknesses of PCL/HA layers. 95% CI.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM images of the fibrous layers with differing concentrations of HA: (A) PCL, (B) PCL + 5% HA, (C) PCL + 10% HA, and (D) PCL + 15% HA (20 μm scale).
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) Contact angle of the fiber layers. 95% CI; ***p < 0.0008 and ****p < 0.0001. (B) Surface energy of the fiber layers.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(A) Tensile tests of the fiber layers with differing concentrations of hydroxyapatite. (B) Maximum force of the layers. 95% CI; **p < 0.0016 and ****p < 0.0001. (C) Maximum extension of the layers. 95% CI; **p < 0.0027 and ****p < 0.0001.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Cytotoxicity of the materials via the metabolic assay (CCK-8) following the culturing of human osteoblast MG-63 cells with extracts of the tested materials. 95% CI; ****p < 0.0001.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Graph showing the metabolic activity of the MG-63 cell line cultured on PCL and on PCL with hydroxyapatite after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of incubation. 95% CI; **p < 0.0023 and ****p < 0.0001.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Morphology of the cells that adhered to the surface of the tested materials stained with phalloidin-FITC (green) and DAPI (blue) after days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of incubation at 200× magnification (50 μm scale).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Graph showing the number of cells per unit area (1 mm2) on PCL and on PCL with hydroxyapatite after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of incubation. 95% CI; ****p < 0.0001.
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