[Purpura in a young woman with hyperthyroidism]

Abstract

Introduction: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a synthetic antithyroid drug that can induce ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Observation: A 27-year-old woman diagnosed with Graves' disease was on PTU for the past 10 years. She developed purpuric lesions of the legs and on the tip of the nose diagnosed as vasculitis. ANCAs were positive, with anti-MPO and anti-PR3 on blood ELISA. After discontinuation of PTU, she was able to fully recover.

Conclusion: All synthetic antithyroid drugs can induce ANCA-associated vasculitis, more often PTU. In most cases, antibodies are directed against MPO. Dual anti-MPO and anti-PR3 positivity is possible, but rare. The mechanism could be through an accumulation of PTU in neutrophils, altering the structure of MPO and making it immunogenic. PTU can also induce ANCA-free or lupus vasculitis, maculopapular rashes or urticaria. Many other drugs can induce ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Keywords: ANCA; Anti-thyroid drugs; Anti-thyroïdiens de synthèse; Hyperthyroidism; Hyperthyroïdie; Propylthiouracil; Propylthiouracile; Vascularite; Vasculitis.