Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus in Bone Health: Traditional Review

Abstract

The diabetes mellitus (DM) pandemic was mostly related to the growing incidence of osteoporosis worldwide. Thus, DM-induced bone fragility was recently reported as a diabetic complication. This disorder needs to be identified and diagnosed early and adequately to avoid more symptoms and impairments. Bone weight is lowered and the risk of fractures rises in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will increase bone density per se because of the elevated chance of fracturing. This indicates that bone consistency plays an important part in the pathogenesis of diseases. This research is aimed at defining the function of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), micro-architectural changes, and altered bone turnover. The risk of fracture can be varied by drugs used for treating DM. Thiazolidinedione exacerbates bone degradation, for example, which raises the risk of fractures, particularly in older females. In contrast, metformin and sulfonylureas appeared to have no adverse effects on bone health and could guard against fragility. Evaluating bone mineral density (BMD) and other risk factors may aid in developing tailor-made recovery plans as part of the diagnostic process. Increased osteoporosis awareness is important, considering the increasing and older population of DM patients.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; fracture; osteoporosis.