Effect of fat mass index, fat free mass index and body mass index on childhood blood pressure: a cross-sectional study in south China

Abstract

Background: Evidence on how different body composition indexes, such as body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI), influence blood pressure (BP) in Chinese children and adolescents is sparse. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different body composition on BP in participants aged 7-18 in south China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013. A total of 1,609 children and adolescents from urban and rural areas in Hainan Province, South China, were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Each participant underwent anthropometric and BP tests. BMI, FMI and FFMI were calculated and analyzed as body composition indexes.

Results: In the population level stratified by sex, FFMI had the highest r-value (Partial Spearman correlations) of correlation with systolic BP in boys (r_s=0.305, P<0.001) and girls (r_s=0.237, P<0.001). FMI was found to have the highest r-value of correlation with DBP in boys (r_s=0.154, P<0.001). The quantile regression model indicated that, within each age group, all body composition indexes was positively associated with systolic BP, and FFMI has the greatest value of regression coefficient (4.38, 95% CI: 3.81-4.95). But for diastolic BP, positive associations with BMI, FMI and FFMI were only observed in the 11-12 years group. Restrict cubic spline models showed that there were both linear and non-linear relations between BMI, FMI and BP, but for FFMI, there was only linear association with BP.

Conclusions: The relation between BP and FFMI was stronger than with BMI and FMI. Combined measurement of body composition should be considered to help health professionals interpret body mass data from children and adolescents with varied stature and age.

Keywords: Children; adolescent; blood pressure (BP); body composition; fat mass.

Figure 1

The restricted cubic spline for the association between body composition indexes (measured by BMI, FMI and FFMI) and difference in blood pressure (SBP and DBP). The lines represent adjusted difference based on restricted cubic splines for the level of body composition in multi-variable linear and non-linear regression models. Adjusted factors were age, sex and residential areas. BMI, body mass index, kg/m²; FMI, fat mass index, kg/m²; FFMI, fat free mass index, kg/m²; SBP, systolic blood pressure, mmHg; DBP, diastolic blood pressure, mmHg. The solid lines represent the predicted value, and the dash lines were their 95% confidence interval.