Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021;7(1):84.
doi: 10.1186/s43094-021-00238-y. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Present and future treatment strategies for coronavirus disease 2019

Engy Elekhnawy  1 , Amal Abo Kamar  1 , Fatma Sonbol  1
Affiliations
Review

Present and future treatment strategies for coronavirus disease 2019

Engy Elekhnawy et al. Futur J Pharm Sci. 2021.

Abstract

Background: The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in many challenges to the healthcare organizations around the world. Unfortunately, until now, there are no proven effective therapeutic agents against this virus.

Main body: Several evolving studies suggest repurposing a potential list of drugs which have appropriate pharmacological and therapeutic effects to be used in treating COVID-19 cases. In the present review, we will summarize the potential drugs suggested to be repurposed to be utilized in the treatment of COVID-19 patients like lopinavir-ritonavir, ribavirin, baloxavir marboxil, favipiravir, remdesvir, umifenovir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, corticosteroids, losartan, statins, interferons, nitric oxide, epoprostenol, tocilizumab, siltuximab, sarilumab anakinra, and ruxolitinib. In addition, we discussed the possible future therapeutic regimens based on the recent molecular and genomic discoveries.

Conclusion: This review could provide beneficial information about the potential current and future treatment strategies to treat the pandemic COVID-19 disease.

Keywords: COVID-19; Cytokine storm; Respiratory distress syndrome; SARS-Cov-2.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests..

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Targets for antiviral drugs currently available treatment for COVID-19 combined with immune modulatory agents and thromboprophylaxis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Ashour HM, Elkhatib WF, Rahman MM, Elshabrawy HA. Insights into the recent 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in light of past human coronavirus outbreaks. Path. 2020;9:186. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pal M, Berhanu G, Desalegn C, Kandi V. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): an update. Cureus. 2020;12:e7423. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pachetti M, Marini B, Benedetti F, Giudici F, Mauro E, Storici P, et al. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutation hot spots include a novel RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase variant. J Transl Med. 2020;18:179. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02344-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Liu C, Zhou Q, Li Y, Garner LV, Watkins SP, Carter LJ, et al. Research and development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19 and related human coronavirus diseases. ACS Cent Sci. 2020;6:315–331. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00272. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Guo G, Ye L, Pan K, Chen Y, Xing D, Yan K, et al. New insights of emerging SARS-CoV-2: epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, clinical treatment, and prevention. Front Cell Develop Biol. 2020;8:410–425. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00410. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources