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. 2020 Dec 14;4(2):e00214.
doi: 10.1002/edm2.214. eCollection 2021 Apr.

Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, 1986-2018

Tomohiro Saito  1   2 , Koji Kobayashi  1   3 , Kisho Kobayashi  1   4 , Mie Mochizuki  1   5 , Hideaki Yagasaki  1 , Koichi Makino  1   6 , Hiromune Narusawa  1 , Daisuke Watanabe  1   2 , Yumiko Mitsui  1   7 , Kazumasa Sato  1   5 , Tomoaki Sano  1   8 , Masanori Ohta  1   9 , Hiroshi Yokomichi  10 , Shin Amemiya  11
Affiliations

Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, 1986-2018

Tomohiro Saito et al. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. .

Abstract

Introduction: Several studies have examined the incidence of childhood T1DM in Japan from the 1970s onwards, but none have been long-term studies using registration data. We estimate the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from 1986 to 2018 in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

Methods: We began a population-based, long-term study of childhood T1DM in 1986 involving every hospital paediatrics department in Yamanashi Prefecture. In the Prefecture, every child newly diagnosed with T1DM is referred to a hospital, and therefore, almost 100% of new patients aged <15 years are registered. We calculated the incidence of T1DM among children aged <15 years from 1986 to 2018. All cases met the Japan Diabetes Society diagnostic criteria and were tested for T1DM-related autoantibodies whenever possible.

Results: Ninety-nine patients (44 boys and 55 girls) were newly diagnosed with T1DM. The annual incidence among 5- to 9-year-olds increased by 5.35% over the study period (95% confidence interval 2.34%-8.35%, p = .0005), and there was a trend towards increasing 3-year incidence (15.52% increase, p = .0516). There were also trends towards increasing annual and 3-year incidence among 0- to 14-year-olds. However, there were no changes over time in annual or 3-year incidence in the 0-4 year or 10-14 year age groups.

Conclusions: The incidence of T1DM in Yamanashi Prefecture increased among children aged 0-14 years over the study period, with the most significant increase occurring among 5- to 9-year-olds. These data suggest that the number of children aged <15 years with T1DM is gradually increasing in one of the local prefectures in Japan, Yamanashi Prefecture and that the age of onset is decreasing.

Keywords: Japan; age of onset; diabetes mellitus type 1; incidence; paediatrics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age and sex distributions of children with type 1 diabetes in Yamanashi Prefecture between 1986 and 2018
Figure 2
Figure 2
Three‐year incidences of type 1 diabetes among children of each age group in Yamanashi Prefecture between 1986 and 2018. The average increase in incidence per 3‐year interval among 5‐ to 9‐year‐old children was 15.52% (p = .0516, n = 22, Poisson regression test)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Three‐year incidences of type 1 diabetes among 0‐ to 14‐year‐old children in Yamanashi Prefecture between 1986 and 2018. The average increase in incidence per 3‐year interval was 3.45% (p = .5856, n = 98, Poisson regression test)
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