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. 2021 Jun;44(6):1402-1409.
doi: 10.2337/dc20-2089. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Autoantibodies Against Methylglyoxal-Modified Apolipoprotein B100 and ApoB100 Peptide Are Associated With Less Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis and Retinopathy in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes

Kari Anne Sveen  1   2 , Kristine Bech Holte  3 , Mona Svanteson  2   4 , Kristian F Hanssen  2 , Jan Nilsson  5 , Eva Bengtsson  5 , Tore Julsrud Berg  3   2
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Autoantibodies Against Methylglyoxal-Modified Apolipoprotein B100 and ApoB100 Peptide Are Associated With Less Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis and Retinopathy in Long-Term Type 1 Diabetes

Kari Anne Sveen et al. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Objective: Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive aldehyde forming advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is increased in diabetes and recognized by the immune system, resulting in anti-AGE-specific autoantibodies. The association of these immune responses with macro- and microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes remains unclarified. We investigated associations between MGO-modified apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) and apoB100 peptide 5 (MGO-p5) autoantibodies and coronary atherosclerosis and retinopathy in type 1 diabetes.

Research design and methods: IgM and IgG against MGO-apoB100 and MGO-p5 were measured by ELISA in plasma from 103 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 63 control subjects (Dialong study) and in a replication cohort of 27 subjects with type 1 diabetes (Oslo study). Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by computed tomography coronary angiography or intravascular ultrasound. Retinopathy was classified by retinal photos.

Results: MGO-apoB100 IgM and MGO-p5 IgM levels were higher in subjects with diabetes with no coronary artery stenosis compared with subjects with significant stenosis (median [interquartile range]: 96.2 arbitrary units [AU] [71-126.8] vs. 54 AU [36.1-85.4], P = 0.003 for MGO-apoB100; and 77.4 AU [58-106] vs. 36.9 AU [28.9-57.4], P = 0.005 for MGO-p5). MGO-apoB100 IgM and MGO-p5 IgM were associated with less severe coronary stenosis after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio 0.2 [95% CI 0.05-0.6], P = 0.01; and 0.22 [0.06-0.75], P = 0.02). The inverse association of MGO-p5 IgM and coronary stenosis was confirmed in the replication cohort. Subjects with proliferative retinopathy had significantly lower MGO-apoB100 IgM and MGO-p5 IgM than those with background retinopathy.

Conclusions: Autoantibodies against AGE-modified apoB100 are inversely associated with coronary atherosclerosis and proliferative retinopathy, suggesting vascular protective effects of these autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
IgM autoantibodies against MGO-apoB100 and MGO-p5 are associated with stenosis of coronary arteries in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Data are presented as median (IQR). Antibody levels are given as AU, absorbance units in percentage compared to control plasma pool. *P < 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis test).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Levels of anti–MGO-apoB100 (A) and anti–MGO-p5 (B) in type 1 diabetes with no/background retinopathy (n = 49) and proliferative retinopathy (n = 34). The values are presented as median (IQR). Absorbance was measured at 405 nm and is presented as absorbance units in percentage compared to control plasma pool. *P < 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis test).
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