Affiliations

• ¹ Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. carlos.duarte@kaust.edu.sa.
• ² Arctic Research Centre, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. carlos.duarte@kaust.edu.sa.
• ³ Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. carlos.duarte@kaust.edu.sa.
• ⁴ Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
• ⁵ Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
• ⁷ Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
• ⁸ Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
• ⁹ Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, Paris, France.
• ¹⁰ Monegasque Association on Ocean Acidification, Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, Monaco, Monaco.
• ¹¹ Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹² Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
• ¹³ Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁴ National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
• ¹⁵ School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
• ¹⁶ Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
• ¹⁷ Alfred Wegener Institute, Integrative Ecophysiology, Bremerhaven, Germany.
• ¹⁸ Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK.