The use of dipeptide supplementation as a means of mitigating the negative effects of dietary soybean meal on Zebrafish Danio rerio

Abstract

Soybean meal (SBM) inclusion in aquaculture diets has been found to negatively affect growth and induce intestinal inflammation in fish. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of health-promoting dipeptide supplementation into SBM-based feeds on growth performance, intestinal health, and muscle free amino acid composition, an indicator of dietary amino acid availability, in a zebrafish model. There were five treatment groups in this study. The first group ((+) Control) received a fishmeal-based diet. The second group ((-) Control) received SBM-based diet. The last three groups (Ala-Glu, Car, and Ans) were fed SBM-based diets, supplemented with alanyl-glutamine, carnosine, and anserine respectively. The Ala-Glu and Car groups experienced a significantly higher weight gain than the (-) Control group, weighing 35.38% and 33.96% more, respectively at the conclusion of the study. There were no significant differences in gene expression among the groups, but Ala-Glu had the highest expression of both nutrient absorption genes measured, PepT1 and fabp2. Ala-Glu had significantly longer intestinal villi, and a significantly higher villus length-to-width ratio than the (-) Control group. The Car group had a significantly higher post-prandial tissue concentration of lysine, compared to the (-) Control group. The increase in villus surface area and expression of nutrient absorption genes represent an improvement in intestinal absorptive capacity in the Ala-Glu group. The results from this study provide support for the use of alanyl-glutamine and carnosine supplementation as a means of improving growth performance of zebrafish fed with a high level SBM-based diet.

Keywords: Alanyl-glutamine; Carnosine; Fishmeal replacement; Intestinal health; Plant protein.