Impact of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on the Mid-Term Outcomes of Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Current Acute-Phase Management and Optimal Medical Therapy

Abstract

Background: Early reported beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) have recently been disputed. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of CR on the mid-term outcomes of patients following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with currently available management.

Methods: This study reviewed 145 consecutive patients who underwent primary coronary intervention and were discharged without any disability after STEMI during 2013-2015.

Results: Among the patients, 66 (45.5%) completed an outpatient CR program (CR group) and 79 were their non-CR counterparts or patients who dropped out of the program (N-D group). There were no between-group differences in patient demographics and clinical profiles, including door-to-balloon times and prescriptions. A total of 27 patients developed major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) during follow-up. The MACCE-free survival rates were 88% and 76% in the CR and N-D groups, respectively (log-rank, p=0.04). Cox proportional analysis demonstrated that inclusion in the N-D group was a significant predictor of MACCEs (HR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.07-5.74; p=0.03). In the CR group, peak oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing significantly improved after the program (p<0.01).

Conclusions: The impact of CR on the mid-term prognosis of patients with STEMI, even in the current myocardial infarction management era, was beneficial.

Keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation; Myocardial infarction; Outcome.