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Review
. 2021 Mar 19:8:600986.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.600986. eCollection 2021.

Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Canine B-Cell Lymphoma

Fulvio Riondato  1 , Stefano Comazzi  2
Affiliations
Review

Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Canine B-Cell Lymphoma

Fulvio Riondato et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

B cell lymphoma (BCL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies which comprise the majority of canine lymphomas. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoma subtype in dogs but other subtypes (e.g., marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and others) have been described. This review aims to explore the use of flow cytometry to refine the diagnosis of canine BCL. Particular emphasis will be given to the possible identification of peculiar immunotypes, putative prognostic markers, staging and minimal residual disease.

Keywords: B-cell; diagnosis; dog; flow cytometry; lymphoma; prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Forward scatter (FSC) vs. side scatter (SSC) plots after doublet exclusion. (A) Reactive lymph node with few large-sized cells (P5); some granulocytes are recognizable in the gate. (B) Large B-cell lymphoma with many large-sized cells (P5) easily recognizable even in the presence of a substantial residual population of small lymphocytes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow cytometric presentation of a large B-cell lymphoma. (A) Forward scatter (FSC) vs. side scatter (SSC) plot after doublet exclusion showing two populations of small- and large-sized cells. (B) FSC vs. CD21 plot of P4-gated cells showing higher CD21 expression on large cells (H6-UR) compared with small B-lymphocytes (H6-UL).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flow cytometric picture of a large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) and a concurrent T-zone lymphoma (TZL) at presentation (row 1), end of CHOP chemotherapy (row 2), and relapse of LBCL (row 3). Yellow gates (P6 and Q5-LR): LBCL cells. Green gates (R3 and Q5-UL): TZL cells. (A) plots (FSC vs. SSC): “morphologic” presentation of the whole nodal population with gate (P5) activated for the analysis in plots (B,C); a prevalence of large-sized cells (higher FSC) is recognizable at presentation and relapse while small and medium-sized cells are predominant at the end of chemotherapy. (B) plots (FSC vs. CD45): CD45 expression according to cells size (FSC); the main population is represented by large CD45+ cells (P6, yellow) at presentation and relapse while it is made of medium CD45− cells (R3, green) at the end of chemotherapy. (C) plots (CD45 vs. CD5): most of the events are CD45+CD5− (Q5-LR, yellow) at presentation and relapse while CD45-CD5+ cells (Q5-UL, green) represent the majority of the population at the end of chemotherapy.
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