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. 2021 Mar;7(1):17-23.
doi: 10.1016/j.afos.2020.12.002. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Coexistence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity in community-dwelling adults - The Yishun Study

Benedict Wei Jun Pang  1 , Shiou-Liang Wee  1   2 , Kenneth Kexun Chen  1 , Lay Khoon Lau  1 , Khalid Abdul Jabbar  1 , Wei Ting Seah  1 , Daniella Hui Min Ng  1 , Queenie Lin Ling Tan  1 , Mallya Ullal Jagadish  1   3 , Tze Pin Ng  1   4
Affiliations

Coexistence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity in community-dwelling adults - The Yishun Study

Benedict Wei Jun Pang et al. Osteoporos Sarcopenia. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Objectives: To 1) report prevalence of 'osteosarcopenia' (OS) and osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) entities using evidence-based diagnostic techniques and definitions, 2) examine if OSO offers additional predictive value of functional decline over its components, and 3) identify associated factors in a multi-racial Southeast Asian population.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 542 community-dwelling adults (21-90 years old), and assessed anthropometry, cognition, functional performance, and self-report sociodemographic, health and lifestyle questionnaires. Low muscle mass, and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria, were used to assess sarcopenia. Obesity was defined using percentage body fat and fat mass index. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was determined using lumbar spinal bone mineral density. Associated factors were examined using logistic regression, and OSO's value investigated using linear regressions with functional performance.

Results: OS and OSO prevalence were 1.8% and 0% (21-59 years), 12.9% and 2.8% (≥ 60 years), 17.3% and 4.1% (≥ 65 years), and 25.5% and 7.0% (≥75 years), respectively. OSO entity as defined was not a significant predictor (P > 0.05) and did not improve explanations for functional decline over sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity. Age, sex, race and body mass index (BMI) were associated with OS, while age, sex, race and alcoholism were associated with OSO.

Conclusions: Our results do not support OSO as a distinct entity in relation to functional decline. Aside from biological age, sex, and race, amenable lifestyle factors such as BMI and alcohol intake are important variables that can influence the co-existence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity.

Keywords: Obesity; Osteopenia; Osteosarcopenic obesity; Prevalence; Sarcopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Age-trends of ALMI-based osteosarcopenia and osteosarcopenic obesity prevalence. y: years, OS: osteosarcopenia, OSO: osteosarcopenic obesity, ALMI: appendicular lean mass index, AWGS: Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, PBF: percentage body fat, FMI: fat mass index, N: sample size.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Age-trends of AWGS-based osteosarcopenia and osteosarcopenic obesity prevalence. y: years, OS: osteosarcopenia, OSO: osteosarcopenic obesity, ALMI: appendicular lean mass index, AWGS: Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, PBF: percentage body fat, FMI: fat mass index, N: sample size.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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