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. 2021 Mar 29;6(14):9482-9491.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06184. eCollection 2021 Apr 13.

Diacetylene-Based Colorimetric Radiation Sensors for the Detection and Measurement of γ Radiation during Blood Irradiation

Apoorva Mittal  1 , Shalini Verma  2 , Gopishankar Natanasabapathi  3 , Pratik Kumar  1 , Akhilesh K Verma  2
Affiliations

Diacetylene-Based Colorimetric Radiation Sensors for the Detection and Measurement of γ Radiation during Blood Irradiation

Apoorva Mittal et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Blood and its cellular components are irradiated by ionizing radiation before transfusion to prevent the proliferation of viable T lymphocytes which cause transfusion associated-graft versus host disease. The immunodeficient patients undergoing chemotherapy for various malignancies are at risk of this disease. The international guidelines for blood transfusion recommend a minimum radiation exposure of 25 Gray (Gy) to the midplane of the blood bag, while a minimum dose of 15 Gy and a maximum dose of 50 Gy should be given to each portion of the blood bag. Therefore, precise dosimetry of the blood irradiator is essential to ensure the adequate irradiation of the blood components. The paper presents the fabrication of diacetylene-based colorimetric film dosimeters for the verification of irradiated doses. The diacetylene analogues are synthesized by tailoring them with different amide-based headgroups followed by their coating to develop colorimetric film dosimeters. Among all the synthesized diacetylene analogues, aminofluorene-substituted diacetylene exhibits the most significant color transition from white to blue color at a minimum γ radiation dose of 5 Gy. The quantitative study of color change is performed by the digitization of the scanned images of film dosimeters. The digital image processing of the developed film dosimeters facilitates rapid dose measurement which enables their facile implementation and promising application in routine blood irradiator dosimetry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Structures of the synthesized DA monomers (1–4) investigated for colorimetric film dosimetry. (B) Reaction scheme for the synthesis of amine-substituted DA monomers.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Morphology of PCDA-AFL 4 before radiation exposure. (B) Morphology of PCDA-AFL 4 after radiation exposure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pictorial representation of the experimental conditions for the preparation of DA–PVA emulsion followed by coating it using an automatic film applicator unit for uniform thickness (i) flexible nature of the developed film dosimeters which can take the irregular shape of the blood bags, (ii) developed film dosimeters can be easily cut in to any shape and pasted on the blood bags with cello tape, and (iii) transparent nature of the films is shown by writing the doses on a paper placed beneath the films.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Visible spectra of DA-based film dosimeters. (B) Visible spectroscopic monitoring of PCDA-AFL 4 film dosimeter upon exposure to different γ radiation doses along with the photographs showing the progression of blue coloration with increasing radiation dose.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) Raman spectra of the PCDA-AFL 4 film dosimeter upon exposure to γ radiation doses. (B) Progression of Raman signal corresponding to C=C (1450 cm–1) and C≡C bonds (2095 cm–1) in the PCDA-AFL film dosimeter.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Intensity profile of the PCDA-AFL 4 film dosimeter post irradiation in red, blue, and green channels.
Figure 7
Figure 7
DCA using a high-resolution Epson scanner.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(A) Reproducibility of PCDA-AFL film dosimeters. (B) Dose response curve of the PCDA-AFL film dosimeter obtained on different days. (C) Dose response curve obtained at three different ROIs on the PCDA-AFL films.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Pre- and post-irradiation L values of the PCDA-AFL 4 film dosimeter at different storage conditions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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