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. 1993 Dec;125(4):659-677.
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03916.x.

Developmental biology of lichens

Rosmarie Honegger  1
Affiliations
Free article

Developmental biology of lichens

Rosmarie Honegger. New Phytol. 1993 Dec.
Free article

Abstract

Lichen-forming fungi are a large, taxonomically diverse group of nutritional specialists which acquire fixed carbon from a population of minute green algal or cyanobacterial cells. Mycobionts of foliose or fruticose lichens differ from the rest of the fungi by expressing morphologically and anatomically complex symbiotic phenotypes. The extracellularly located photobiont cell population of these macrolichens is housed and controlled by the quantitatively predominant fungal partner which competes for space above ground, secures adequate illumination and facilitates gas exchange. This review summarizes data on the ontogeny, functional morphology, growth patterns and internal thalline differentiation of macrolichens. Contents Summary 659 I. Introduction 659 II. Establishment of the lichen symbiosis 662 III. Growth and cell turnover 669 IV. Outlook 674 Acknowledgements 674 References 674.

Keywords: Lichen symbiosis; functional morphology; growth patterns; pre-thallus; symbiotic phenotype.

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References

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    1. Ahmadjian V, Jacobs JB. 1981. Relationship between fungus and alga in the lichen Cladonia cristatella Tuck. Nature 389: 169-172.
    1. Ahmadjian V, Jacobs JB. 1982. Artificial reestablishment of lichens. III. Synthetic development of Usnea strigosa. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 52: 393-399.
    1. Ahmadjian V, Jacobs JB. 1983. Algal-fungal relationships in lichens: recognition, synthesis, and development. In: Goff LJ, ed. Algal symbiosis. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 147-172.

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