The 5-factor model of psychological response to COVID-19: its correlation with anxiety and depression
- PMID: 33875911
- PMCID: PMC8046267
- DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01701-y
The 5-factor model of psychological response to COVID-19: its correlation with anxiety and depression
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the psychological response to COVID-19 on a community Egyptian sample and the correlation thereof with anxiety and depression. Further, we aimed to explore the differences in the psychological response and psychopathology in terms of demographics. We developed a COVID-19 Psychological Response Questionnaire (CPRQ). Further, we estimated the factor structure and internal consistency of CPRQ. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was utilized to assess Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was utilized to assess Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The sample comprised 7015 participants whose ages ranged between 18 and 70 years. The present study results yielded a 5-factor model of psychological response to COVID-19 (the factors are Anxiousness, Social Support, Avoiding/Cleaning, Depressivity, and Medical Concern). In terms of reliability, the internal consistency of the above factors was acceptable except for Depressivity. There were significant positive correlations between two factors (Anxiousness and Depressivity) and both MDD and GAD. In terms of demographic characteristics, females had the highest values on Anxiousness, Avoiding/Cleaning, Depressivity, MDD, and GAD. Generally, the 5-factor model reflects the psychological response to COVID-19 during the period of the outbreak. Further, this model reflects several concepts regarding models and theories of health-related behaviors.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-01701-y.
Keywords: COVID-19; EFA; Generalized anxiety disorder; Major depressive disorder; Psychological response model.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Emotional State of Chinese Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic.Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 23;13:854815. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.854815. eCollection 2022. Front Psychol. 2022. PMID: 35401318 Free PMC article.
-
The differences of event-related potential components in patients with comorbid depression and anxiety, depression, or anxiety alone.J Affect Disord. 2023 Nov 1;340:516-522. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.049. Epub 2023 Aug 10. J Affect Disord. 2023. PMID: 37572703
-
Higuchi's fractal dimension, but not frontal or posterior alpha asymmetry, predicts PID-5 anxiousness more than depressivity.Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 23;9(1):19666. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56229-w. Sci Rep. 2019. PMID: 31873184 Free PMC article.
-
Psychological Well-Being During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediation Role of Generalized Anxiety.Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2022 Mar 19;15:695-709. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S354083. eCollection 2022. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2022. PMID: 35342311 Free PMC article.
-
Exploring Sociodemographic Characteristics, Adverse Childhood Experience, and Mental Health History as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents and Young Adults: Findings from the MoreGoodDays Support Program in Alberta, Canada.Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Sep 8;13(9):749. doi: 10.3390/bs13090749. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37754027 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Factors affecting face mask-wearing behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among Thai people: A binary logistic regression model.Front Psychol. 2022 Nov 8;13:996189. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996189. eCollection 2022. Front Psychol. 2022. PMID: 36425840 Free PMC article.
-
Evidence of mental health-related morbidities and its association with socio-economic status among previously hospitalized patients with symptoms of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.Front Public Health. 2023 Feb 24;11:1132136. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1132136. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36908471 Free PMC article.
-
The relationship between information overload and state of anxiety in the period of regular epidemic prevention and control in China: a moderated multiple mediation model.Curr Psychol. 2022 Jun 6:1-18. doi: 10.1007/s12144-022-03289-3. Online ahead of print. Curr Psychol. 2022. PMID: 35693836 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Abdelghani, M., El-Gohary, H. M., Fouad, E., & Hassan, M. S. (2020). Addressing the relationship between perceived fear of COVID-19 virus infection and emergence of burnout symptoms in a sample of Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27(1). 10.1186/s43045-020-00079-0.
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources